We demonstrate second-harmonic generation in polymeric light-emitting diodes built in a layer structure of indium tin Ž . oxide, poly phenylene vinylene and aluminum. The second-harmonic intensity generated in the active zone of the diode depends quadratically on the applied reverse bias. In order to account for the bias dependence of the measured intensity a simple model is given in that the s...

An N-heterocyclic carbene-ligated palladium catalyst was discovered to mediate living, chain-growth polymerizations of both phenylene- and thiophene-based monomers. Polymerization of a fluorene-based monomer, on the other hand, did not proceed through a living, chain-growth pathway. Excitingly, block copolymerizations of phenylene and thiophene proceeded via a chain-growth pathway, regardless o...

−Recent developments in the synthesis and structureproperty investigation studies of conjugated polymers have led to the design of novel polymeric materials with tailored properties for advanced technological applications. A promising development in this direction involves the fabrication of conducting polymer based sensors for the detection of metal ions and small organic molecules. Herein, we...

Organic electroluminescent materials have been the subject of intense research for use in light emitting diodes (LEDs). When compared with liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) require lower energy input, have a wider viewing angle with improved color contrast, and can be made much thinner. The electroluminescence (EL) of organic compounds was first demonstrated ...

In this study, we report the fabrication and characterization of organic/inorganic hybrid polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) made with ZnS-capped CdSe core/shell type nanocrystals and a light-emitting polymer poly[2-phenyl-3-(9,9-dihexylfluoren-2-yl)-1,4-phenylene vinylene]-co-[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene]. The device using pristine polymer as active layer emitted y...

introduction spect projections are contaminated by scatter radiation, resulting in reduced image contrast and quantitative errors. backscatter constitutes a major part of the scatter contamination in lower energy windows. the current study is an evaluation of the effect of backscatter material on fwhm and image quality investigated by monte carlo simulation. materials and methods simind program...

In the behavioral sciences, response variables are often noncontinuous, common types being dichotomous, ordinal or nominal variables, counts and durations. Conventional structural equation models (SEMs) have thus been generalized to accommodate different kinds of responses.

background: although enteral feeding solutions are used to reduce the morbidity and mortality in many malnourished and hospitalized patients, microbial contamination of these products may lead to severe infections, especially in immune suppressed ones. the aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of commercial enteral feedings in two hospital settings in shiraz. methods: tw...