The first process was geopolitical, and had to do with the need to provide security for the fledgling state from external threats. This included not only threats to the Israel’s existence, but also threats to the economic well being of its population and its capacity for future growth through the absorption of large segments of the Jewish Diaspora. Water issues were central to Israel’s geopolit...

This study focuses on the differential hydrologic response of individual watersheds to climate warming within the Sierra Nevada mountain region of California. We describe climate warming models for 15 west-slope Sierra Nevada watersheds in California under unimpaired conditions using WEAP21, a weekly one-dimensional rainfall-runoff model. Incremental climate warming alternatives increase air te...

Background: Legionella species are ubiquitous and naturally found in lakes, rivers, streams and hot springs, and other water resources. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Legionella species in water resources of Iran by a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: In search of papers relevant to the prevalence of Legionella in water resources of Iran, the scientific info...

Water is the main pillar of human life, which experiencing widespread pollutions that turn clean waters to a non consumption form gradually. Contaminating resources of the clean waters are the human and industries have been made by the human. Because the available water resources for humans and organisms are limited, we must seek recovery of contaminated waters. Some novel oxime and azo dye...

fluoride is one of the most important elements in the composition of teeth and bones. this element can enter the body via different ways. however, drinking water is the most important way to receive fluoride by a lot of people. an increase in fluoride level in the body causes dental fluorosis and its absence leads to teeth decay. standard rate of fluoride in drinking water is determined by the ...

Pakistan is highly dependent on water resources originating in the mountain sources of the upper Indus for irrigated agriculture which is the mainstay of its economy. Hence any change in available resources through climate change or socio-economic factors could have a serious impact on food security and the environment. In terms of both ratio of withdrawals to runoff and per-capita water availa...

BACKGROUND Nowadays, due to increased public awareness about water pollution and water borne diseases as well as water network deficiencies, bottled water consumers have increased dramatically worldwide, including Iran. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen capable of causing widespread infections in burn and immune-compromised patients. The aim of this study was to investig...

Most of Saudi Arabia is arid and water resources are limited; it has experienced extensive and rapid developments in industrial, agricultural, domestic and construction sectors during the last two decades. Saudi Arabia follows the sacred principles of the Islamic law ‘Shari’a’, whereby water is considered the common entitlement of all people, and the main component of the sustainability of the ...

The occurrence of pesticides in drinking water is a matter of growing concern in several parts of the world, mainly in developing countries, due to the possible adverse effects on human health and the environment. Pesticides applied in the agriculture, important source of contamination, can persist for several years in soil, be retained in agricultural products, be dispersed by the wind or reac...

Four alternative cases for water supply were environmentally evaluated and compared based on the standard environmental impact categories from the life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology extended with a freshwater withdrawal category (FWI). The cases were designed for Copenhagen, a part of Denmark with high population density and relatively low available water resources. FWI was applied at loca...