This report describes the historical development in the clinical application of chemical variables for the interpretation of acid-base disturbances. The pH concept was already introduced in 1909. Following World War II, disagreements concerning the definition of acids and bases occurred, and since then two strategies have been competing. Danish scientists in 1923 defined an acid as a substance ...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify values for net acid base excretion (NABE) which are significant indicators of the acid-base equilibrium in pregnant and young ewes and to show its relationship with other parameters (base, acid, ammonium [NH4], base-acid quotient, sodium [Na], potassium [K], calcium [Ca]) in ovine urine. In contrast to dairy cows, data are rare on these parame...

We prove that a type-definable Lascar strong type has finite diameter. We answer also some other questions from [1] on Lascar strong types. We give some applications on subgroups of type-definable groups. In this paper T is a complete theory in language L and we work within a monster model C of T . For a0, a1 ∈ C let a0Θa1 iff 〈a0, a1〉 extends to an indiscernible sequence 〈an, n < ω〉. We define...

Authenticated Key Exchange protocols enable several parties to establish a shared cryptographically strong key over an insecure network using various authentication means, such as strong cryptographic keys or short (i.e., low-entropy) common secrets. The latter example is definitely the most interesting in practice, since no additional device is required, but just a human-memorable password, fo...