Background Rice straw and husk are globally significant sources of cellulose-rich biomass and there is great interest in converting them to bioethanol. However, rice husk is reportedly much more recalcitrant than rice straw and produces larger quantities of fermentation inhibitors. The aim of this study was to explore the underlying differences between rice straw and rice husk with reference to...

Background: the immediate effects of two semi-ocluded vocal tract exercises. Aim: to verify and compare the immediate effects of the finger kazoo (FK) and phonation with straw exercises (PS). Method: twenty-three women without vocal complaints, aged twenty-three to forty, performed the exercises twice, in a pre-set order (FK PS PS FK), and did a vocal self assessment after each one of these exe...

introduction feed shortage is the most important characteristic of iranian animal industry. increased costs of livestock production have caused the iranian producers to reduce feed costs mainly by inclusion low quality crop residues into ruminants diets. it is estimated that around 20 million tons wheat straw produced in iran every year. both the digestibility and crude protein content of wheat...

Although straw-decomposing microbial inoculants (SDMI) are capable to generally promote the fertility of straw-amended soils, their impact on release individual soil major nutrients remains controversial. Additionally, combined effects SDMI and environment/management various forms remain poorly documented. To fill these research gaps, we conducted a meta-analysis study using 1214 paired observa...

Mixed cultures of Cellulomonas sp. and Azospirillum brasilense were grown with straw or cellulose as the carbon source under conditions favoring the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. Rapid increases in cell numbers, up to 10 cells per g of substrate, were evident after 4 and 5 days of incubation at 30 degrees C for cellulose and straw, respectively. Nitrogen fixation (detected by acetylene redu...

This split unit study involved two sheep, seven incubation times and four test straws to compare with untreated straw the effect, kgÿ1 straw dry matter (DM), of CaO (160 g CaO plus 2 l of water), NaOH (80 g NaOH in 3 l of water) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (NaOH plus 132 g H2O2 in 3 l of water, AHP) treatments on composition and rumen degradation in sacco of wheat straw in sheep. After 14 da...

The kinetics of cellulose hydrolysis by commercially available Cellubrix were described mathematically, with Avicel and wheat straw as substrates. It was demonstrated that hydrolysis could be described by three reactions: direct glucose formation and indirect glucose formation via cellobiose. Hydrolysis did not involve any soluble oligomers apart from low amounts of cellobiose. Phenomena includ...

Composite panels using virgin and recycled high-density polyethylene (VHDPE and RHDPE) and five types of natural fibers including four rice straw components (i.e., rice husk, rice straw leaf, rice straw stem, and whole rice straw) and wood fiber as control were made by melt compounding and compression molding. Fiber characteristics and the influences of fiber type and loading rate on HDPE cryst...

Molecular-bred Coprinus cinereus monokaryotic strains with high lignin- and xylan-degrading activities were mixed-cultured at 27 degrees C in the liquid medium containing 0.5% (w/v) cut rice straw and 0.025% MnCl2. After 3 weeks, the culture supernatant was extensively treated with crude cellulase, showing the presence in it of 9.3% of the total cellulose of rice straw. When rice straw treated ...