For any planar straight line graph (Pslg), there is a vertexface assignment such that every vertex is assigned to at most two incident faces, and every face is assigned to all its reflex vertices and one more incident vertex. The existence of such an assignment implies, in turn, that any Pslg can be augmented to a connected Pslg such that the degree of every vertex increases by at most two.

The only curative treatment for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is prophylactic surgery and the two most popular options are total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis and restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Today, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis has gained wider acceptance as a safer procedure, but ileorectal anastomosis still remains an option, especially for you...

Training of microvascular anastomosis techniques comprise the major part of surgical skills, necessary for revascularization surgeries. Training can be performed in several stages based on the experience of trainees. This should mainly start with various models of artificial materials that simulate tissues. In the next stage, trainee should practice microsurgical skill on a non-living tissue mo...

abstract vascular injury presents a great challenge to the emergency resident because these injuries require urgent intervention to prevent loss of life or limb. sometimes serious vascular injury presents with only subtle or occult signs or symptoms. the patient may present weeks or months after initial injury with symptoms of vascular insufficiency, embolization, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous ...

abstract   background: iatrogenic airway injury after endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy remains a serious clinical problem. in this study we reviewed post-intubation and traumatic tracheal stenosis in 47 patients with a special attention to the cause, hense surgical treatment of the stenosis was performed and the results compared with the literatures.   methods: since february 1995 throug...

Recent developments in laparoscopic gastrectomy have led to the introduction of various methods of stapled anastomosis. We have also introduced stapled anastomosis to reconstruction of the digestive tract with the aim of performing safe and quick anastomosis and enabling an early return to oral feeding. Reconstruction of the digestive tract following pancreaticoduodenectomy in our institution i...

conclusions in selected recipients with psc, dd reconstruction is a safe and efficacious technique, with long-term clinical outcomes comparable to ryh. background while roux-en-y hepaticojejunostomy (ryh) is the common anastomotic technique for liver transplantation (lt) in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (psc), duct-to-duct (dd) reconstruction may be used if the recipient common b...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the early postoperative outcome of esophageal cancer treated by subtotal esophageal resection, gastric interposition and either intrathoracic or cervical anastomosis in a single center study. METHODS 72 patients who received either a cervical or intrathoracic anastomosis after esophageal resection for esophageal cancer were matched by age and tu...

BACKGROUND Dehiscence of esophageal anastomosis is frequent and there are still controversies which type of anastomosis is preferred to diminish its incidence . AIM To compare end-to-end anastomosis versus end-to-side anastomosis in terms of anastomotic leakage, esophageal stricture and gastroesophageal reflux symptom. METHODS This study was carried out for two year starting from 2012. End-...