It is shown that if a planar straight line graph (PSLG) with n vertices in general position in the plane can be augmented to a 3-edge-connected PSLG, then 2n−2 new edges are enough for the augmentation. This bound is tight: there are PSLGs with n ≥ 4 vertices such that any augmentation to a 3-edge-connected PSLG requires 2n− 2 new edges.

It is shown that every connected planar straight line graph with n ≥ 3 vertices has an embedding preserving augmentation to a 2-edge connected planar straight line graph with at most b(2n − 2)/3c new edges. It is also shown that every planar straight line tree with n ≥ 3 vertices has an embedding preserving augmentation to a 2-edge connected planar topological graph by adding at most bn/2c edge...

Familial prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in a Chinese population was determined in 22 propositi of whom 10 had straight back (group A), three had abnormally high metacarpal index (group B), and nine had neither (group C). Of 71 (32 male and 39 female subjects) first degree relatives screened, mitral valve prolapse was found in 19 (seven male and 12 female subjects) (26.8%). The familial pre...

background and aims: one of the main goals of standard orthodontic treatment is having the roots of teeth adjacent to extraction sites parallel to each other. the purpose of this study was to compare standard edgewise and preadjusted straight wire (mbt) methods in achieving this goal. materials and methods: for comparing root parallelism, 228 maxillary quadrants and 225 mandibular quadrants of ...

  The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is composed of two bundles, which work together to provide both antero-posterior and rotatory stability of the knee. Understanding the anatomy and function of the ACL plays a key role in management of patients with ACL injury. Anatomic ACL reconstruction aims to restore the function of the native ACL. Femoral and tibial tunnels should be placed in their an...