This is the first paper to statistically examine the timing of interest group lobbying. It introduces a theoretical framework based on recurring “structural policy windows” and argues that these types of windows should have a large effect on the intensity and timing of interest group activity. Using a new database of all lobbying expenditures in the U.S. states ranging up to 25 years, the paper...

Power costs are very significant for data centers. To maximally utilize the provisioned power capacity, data centers often employ over-subscription, that is, the sum of peak consumptions of individual servers may be greater than the provisioned capacity. Power budgeting methods are employed to ensure that actual consumption never exceeds capacity. However, current power budgeting methods enforc...

Delay budget is an excess delay that each component of a design can tolerate under a given timing constraint. Delay budgeting has been widely exploited to improve the design quality. This paper presents the idea of incrementally re-assigning the delay budgets allotted to different components of a design, which leads to avoiding the re-execution of the intensive budget assignment procedure in ea...