In the partial-report task, subjects are asked to report only a portion of the items presented. Selective attention chooses which objects to represent in short-term memory (STM) on the basis of their relevance. Because STM is limited in capacity, one must sometimes choose which objects are removed from memory in light of new relevant information. We tested the hypothesis that the choices among ...

C R E D IT : A . F O ST E R INTRODUCTION Age is the greatest risk factor for most major chronic diseases in the industrialized world and to an increasing degree in the developing world. After adolescent development, functionality declines progressively with age (1), and mortality rates increase exponentially, doubling roughly every 7 to 8 years after puberty. This exponentiality manifests as a ...

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) enables the bottom-up fabrication of tailored spin systems on a surface that are engineered with atomic precision. When combining STM electron resonance (ESR), these single and molecular spins can be controlled quantum-coherently utilized as electron-spin qubits. Here we demonstrate universal quantum control such qubit by employing coherent along two...

The audiogram predicts <30% of the variance in speech-reception thresholds (SRTs) for hearing-impaired (HI) listeners fitted with individualized frequency-dependent gain. The remaining variance could reflect suprathreshold distortion in the auditory pathways or nonauditory factors such as cognitive processing. The relationship between a measure of suprathreshold auditory function-spectrotempora...

The rapid progress in molecular manipulation with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip opens up entirely new opportunities in nanoscience and technology. With these advances, the ultimate chemical reaction steps such as dissociation, diffusion, adsorption, re-adsorption and bond formation processes become possible to be performed by using the STM tip at the single molecule level with an at...

This article reports 3 experiments in which effects of orthographic and phonological word length on memory were examined for short lists shown at rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) and short-term memory (STM) rates. Only visual-orthographic length reduced RSVP serial recall, whereas both orthographic and phonological length lowered recall for STM lists in Experiment 1. Word-length effects ...

Software transactional memory (STM) provides access to shared data with transactional properties. Existing STM use linearizability as their correctness criterion, although serializability allows more freedom in reordering the operations of committable transactions. Serializable transactions thus provide for more concurrency than linearizable transactions. Specifically, serializability allows re...

We present the design and performance of an active mechanical noise cancellation scanning tunneling microscope (STM). This system features two key parts: a "twin-tip" scanner and an active mechanical noise cancellation algorithm. The twin-tip scanner functions as two independent STMs which share nearly the same mechanical transfer function, allowing both STMs to sense nearly identical backgroun...

Synopsis The STM provides real space atomic resolution images through tunneling current between a conductive tip and a conductive/semiconductive surface. In this lab unit, we employ two STM modes, i.e., constant current imaging mode and tunneling spectroscopy mode, to study HOPG (graphite) and gold (Au). HOPG is one of well studied materials and serves as a standard for STM technique, and the i...