A new, ligand- and solvent-free method for the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click reaction) was developed using a planetary ball mill. Besides various alkynes and azides, a propargyl functionalized polymer was converted by mill clicking. Moreover, it was possible to carry out a click polymerization in a ball mill.

Brought to you by Nebraska corn producers through their corn checkoff dollars— expanding demand for Nebraska corn and value-added products. INTRODUCTION Across the United States, ethanol production continues to expand with monthly production records being set.With the continued expansion in production, co-products have emerged as excellent feed sources for livestock. For purposes of this manual...

a laboratory stirred tank bioreactor with six single and dual-impeller configurations was tested to obtain the optimum operating conditions for future biological processes. six impeller combinations consisting of three basic impeller types, namely rushton turbine (rt), pitched 4blade (p4b) and pitched 2blade (p2b) downward flow were investigated in 1.77 l bioreactor working volume. power consum...

In a previous study we showed that broods from the viviparous eelpout Zoarces viviparus were significantly male biased in 1998 in the vicinity of a large kraft pulp mill on the Swedish Baltic coast. One suggested hypothesis was that masculinizing compounds in the effluent were affecting gonadal differentiation of the embryos, resulting in skewed sex ratios. In this article, we present further e...

Pulp and paper mill effluents pollute water, air and soil, causing a major threat to the environment. Several methods have been attempted by various researchers throughout the world for the removal of colour from pulp and paper mill effluents. The biological colour removal process uses several classes of microorganisms--bacteria, algae and fungi--to degrade the polymeric lignin derived chromoph...

Abstract Three media (sediment, surface water, and dragonfly larvae tissue) were collected from wetlands surrounding an industrial effluent treatment facility prior to closure. Samples analyzed for metals, total mercury, polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) concentrations. Sediment water concentrations compared provincial federal guidelines, as well refe...

In the European lobster Homarus gammarus, rhythmic masticatory movements of the three foregut gastric mill teeth are generated by antagonistic sets of striated muscles that are driven by a neural network in the stomatogastric ganglion. In vitro, this circuit can spontaneously generate a single (type I) motor program, unlike in vivo in which gastric mill patterns with different phase relationshi...