introduction: generally, nmda receptor antagonists inhibit learning and long-term potentiation (ltp). however, it has been suggested that direct tonic activation of nmda receptors, in contrast to learning, may lead to an increase in synaptic “noise”. uncompetitive nmda receptor antagonist memantine can paradoxically reverse deficits in learning and synaptic plasticity, and restore ltp impaired ...

Chronically paralyzed muscle requires extensive training before it can deliver a therapeutic dose of repetitive stress to the musculoskeletal system. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation, under feedback control, may subvert the effects of fatigue, yielding more rapid and extensive adaptations to training. The purposes of this investigation were to 1) compare the effectiveness of torque feedback...