The experiments reported here used auditory}visual mismatches to compare three approaches to speaker normalization in speech perception: radical invariance, vocal tract normalization, and talker normalization. In contrast to the "rst two, the talker normalization theory assumes that listeners' subjective, abstract impressions of talkers play a role in speech perception. Experiment 1 found that ...

THE effects of a high concentrate versus high fibre diet on performance parameters and welfare of the horse have been widely studied in the past (Tinker and others 1997, Nadeau and others 2000, McGreevy and others 2001, Ellis and others 2002). Horses fed diets low in ‘structural’ fibre have a greater susceptibility to develop stereotypical behaviour (apparently functionless, repetitive activiti...

To compare the behaviour of sows and the physiological indices of their offspring in stall and group-housing systems, 28 sows were randomly distributed into two systems with 16 sows in stalls, and the other 12 sows were divided into three groups with four sows per pen. The area per sow in stalls and groups was 1.2 and 2.5 m2, respectively. Back fat depth of the sow was measured. Salivary cortis...

Adequate brain iron levels are essential for enzyme activities, myelination, and neurotransmitter synthesis in the brain. Although systemic iron deficiency has been found in genetically or dietary-induced obese subjects, the effects of obesity-associated iron dysregulation in brain regions have not been examined. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary fat and iron inte...

Mormyrid weakly electric fish produce short, pulse-type electric organ discharges for actively probing their environment and to communicate with conspecifics. Animals emit sequences of pulse-trains that vary in overall frequency and temporal patterning and can lead to time-locked interactions with the discharge activity of other individuals. Both active electrolocation and electrocommunication ...

This study analyzed the relationships between the inclination to help the others and prosocial moral reasoning (PMR) in a sample of 548 Italian adolescents and young adults. We used the Italian version of Prosocial Tendencies Measure to evaluate the tendencies to adopt prosocial behaviors in different conditions (public, anonymous, and helping behavior in emotionally critical and dire situation...

media are not only reflection of realities but also shape them and are effective on our knowledge of world around us. women in recent decades, along with their traditional roles, have approached new social activities, which were considered exclusively masculine in the past, and have created a stable status for themselves there. but it seems that this change is not considered by t.v. advertiseme...