Time synchronization and phase shaping of single photons both play fundamental roles in quantum information applications that rely on multi-photon interference. Phase typically requires separate modulators with extra insertion losses. Here, we develop a all-optical built-in modulator for using memory. The fast modulation photon step linear manner are verified by observing the efficient quantum-...

The accurate simulation of polydisperse sprays undergoing coalescence in unsteady gaseous flows is a crucial issue. In solid rocket motors, the internal flow depends strongly on the alumina droplet size distribution, which spreads up with coalescence. Yet solving for unsteady two-phase flows with high accuracy on the droplet sizes is a challenge for both modeling and scientific computing. As an...

coalescence methods have emerged as a popular alternative for inferring species trees with large genomic datasets, because these methods explicitly account for incomplete lineage sorting. However, statistical consistency of summary coalescence methods is not guaranteed unless several model assumptions are true, including the critical assumption that recombination occurs freely among but not wit...

ab initio calculations at hf/6-31g* level of theory for geometry optimization and mp2/6-31g*//hf/6-31g*for total energy calculation are reported for z-cyclooctene (1). the most favorable conformation of 1 is theunsymmetric boat-chair (1-bc) geometry. potential energy profiles for two different boat-chair/boat-chairinterconversion processes were calculated. the process via a chair transition sta...

We describe a new variant of the well known Baby-Step Giant-Step algorithm in the case of some discrete logarithms with a special structure. More precisely, we focus on discrete logarithms equal to products in groups of unknown order. As an example of application, we show that this new algorithm enables to cryptanalyse a variant of the GPS scheme proposed by Girault and Lefranc at CHES 2004 con...

Giant clams (Tridacnidae) are known to live in association with photosynthetic single cell dinoflagellate algae commonly called zooxanthellae. These algae which can be found in the mantle of the clams are capable of transferring part of their photosynthates which become an important source of energy to the host ( apart from filter feeding activity). In order to understand the basic biological p...

Aims. We report on a search for faint (R total magnitude fainter than 21) and low surface brightness galaxies (R central surface brightness fainter than ∼24) (fLSBs) in a 0.72×0.82 deg2 area centered on the Coma cluster. Methods. We analyzed deep B and R band CCD imaging obtained using the CFH12K camera at CFHT and found 735 fLSBs. The total B magnitudes, at the Coma cluster redshift, range fro...

The Giant Sequoia played several crucial roles in the founding of the modern science of tree -ring dating. These included at least two central theoretical constructs and at least two minor ones; however, historical studies of dendrochronology are actively continuing and this list is expected to expand. Second only to the importance of the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the earliest days of...

We review current progress in the study of the stellar populations of early-type galaxies, both locally and at intermediate redshifts. In particular, we focus on the ages of these galaxies and their evolution in hopes of determining the star formation epochs of their stars. Due to serious remaining systematic uncertainties, we are unable to constrain these epochs precisely. We discuss our resul...

The US government accumulated a large amount of debt from WWII. The government debt-to-GDP ratio in the US peaked at 108% in 1946. This ratio dropped dramatically in the following two decades, to 35% in 1966. Simultaneously, the US experienced a massive baby boom. This paper studies the relationship between these two phenomena in a modified version of the Barro-Becker model. In the model, the g...