UNLABELLED A website that plots power and sample size calculations over a range of up to eight parameters (including diagnostic misclassification error parameters) for two commonly used statistical tests of genetic association, the linear trend test and the genotypic test of association. AVAILABILITY This method is made available via the website http://linkage.rockefeller.edu/pawe3d/ CONTAC...

We have recently introduced a measure for nonstationarity using a recurrence time statistic to assess stationarity. In this paper we propose an extension of this method based on a detailed study of the statistics for the case of stationary systems. We derive a simple scheme that allows us to estimate the effective number of degrees of freedom relevant for this statistic. This substantially impr...

Formal logic operates in a closed system where all the information relevant to any conclusion is present, whereas this is not the case when one reasons about events and states of the world. Pollard and Richardson drew attention to the fact that the reasoning behind statistical tests does not lead to logically justifiable conclusions. In this paper statistical inferences are defended not by logi...

We consider the use of the assurance method in clinical trial planning. In the assurance method, which is an alternative to a power calculation, we calculate the probability of a clinical trial resulting in a successful outcome, via eliciting a prior probability distribution about the relevant treatment effect. This is typically a hybrid Bayesian-frequentist procedure, in that it is usually ass...

Thomas Gilovich and Amos Tversky famously claimed that the belief in the Hot Hand in basketball is a cognitive illusion, an instance of the belief in the Law of Small Numbers. They supported this claim with a variety of orthodox statistical tests failing to show any clear evidence of a Hot Hand phenomenon. These researchers neglected to perform any power analysis on this test. Here we show that...

Consider reading the following: "After lengthy study, no statistically significant differences were found between male and female subjects, however, the trend shows ...’" or "Variables 1 and 2 were significantly different at the 0.01 level, but variables 3 and 4 were different at only the 0.05 level; however, variables 5 and 6 were different at the 0.001 level." Such statements indicate a basic...

This article contrasts 2 approaches to analyzing transitivity of preference and other behavioral properties in choice data. The approach of Regenwetter, Dana, and Davis-Stober (see record 2011-00732-003) assumes that on each choice, a decision maker samples randomly from a mixture of preference orders to determine whether A is preferred to B. In contrast, Birnbaum and Gutierrez (2007) assumed t...

This paper explains how to select the correct statistical test for a research project, clinical trial, or other investigation. The first step is to decide in what scale of measurement your data are as this will affect your decision-nominal, ordinal, or interval. The next stage is to consider the purpose of the analysis-for example, are you comparing independent or paired groups? Several statist...