background: sulfur mustard (sm) is an alkylating agent that has been used as a chemical warfare gas during world war ii and by iraqi army in the iran-iraq conflict between 1983 and 1988. sm can cause serious organ damages especially ocular, neurologic, coetaneous, bone marrow and pulmonary complications. on the other hand dexmedetomidine is a α2 agonist with sedative and analgesic effect with a...

In this research, we examine when and why organizational environments influence how employees respond to moral issues. Past research proposed that social influences in organizations affect employees’ ethical decision making, but did not explain when and why some individuals are affected by the organizational environment and some disregard it. To address this problem, we drew on research on powe...

Taming the planet's climate requires cooperation. Previous failures to reach consensus in climate summits have been attributed, among other factors, to conflicting policies between rich and poor countries, which disagree on the implementation of mitigation measures. Here we implement wealth inequality in a threshold public goods dilemma of cooperation in which players also face the risk of pote...

Ivan Whiteside Magill was born in Northern Ireland, and graduated from Queen’s University Belfast Medical School just before the Great War. In his lifetime anaesthetics developed from an adjunct of surgery to a recognised medical speciality. His personal contributions included greatly improving the apparatus and specific techniques, and most prominently, his endeavour to raise the status of the...

Despite the growing interest in membrane proteins, their crystallization remains a major challenge. In the course of a crystallographic study on the multidrug ATP-binding cassette transporter BmrA, mass spectral analyses on samples purified with six selected detergents revealed unexpected protein contamination visible for the most part on overloaded SDS-PAGE. A major contamination from the oute...

OBJECTIVES We report on our initial data from a prospective study to determine the efficacy of high-frequency magnetic stimulation on the sacral root (MSSR) for the intractable post-radical prostatectomy, stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS A total of 14 men with persistent SUI after a radical prostatectomy underwent treatment once every 2 weeks over a 40-week period for a total of 20 ...

The debate in which we now partake--over the use of animals in medical research--is one of the less remarkable of the social debates of this century. It is not distinguished by its intellectual strength, by its pragmatism, by its achievements, nor by its promise. Its two remarkable features are its longevity and its obstinate sterility. To antivivisectionists it has been a century-long struggle...