The article evaluates the accuracy of approximation aerodynamic force coefficients (moments) projectile and atmospheric parameters, which are significantly nonlinear. 155-mm Assegai M2000 South African company Denel Naschem parameters defined by international standard ISO 2533:1975/Add.1:1985(en) Standard Atmosphere taken as basis. estimation tabular values is presented through relative error (...

A new dynamical model for the propagation of strangelets through the terrestrial atmosphere is proposed. Strangelets are small lumps of strange quark matter (SQM) which consist of roughly equal numbers of up, down and strange quarks. Since the suggestion of Witten[1]in 1984 that these strangelets, and not ordinary nuclear matter, represent the true ground state of QCD, this area of research has...

The sta ti s ti cal di s tributi ons of th e a ngle of arrival, th e s pot location, the cross section, th e amp li . tude , th e carrier phase and the modulation phase of a lase r bea m tra ve rs ing an anisotropicaliy turbule nt at mos phere are de rived in terms of the s pace corre la tio n fun c tion of th e at mosph eri c index of refractio n a nd the windspeed. The Limit a ti o ns imposed...

[1] During the Galileo flybys of Callisto in 1999, a CO2 atmosphere and an ionosphere were detected. Using the Caltech/Jet Propulsion Laboratory one-dimensional KINETICS model, we have successfully simulated the observed electron density within a factor of 2, while satisfying the observational constraints on carbon and oxygen atoms. We conclude that photoionization of CO2 alone is insufficient ...

We assembled spectral image datacubes of Titan in H-band (1.4131.808 μm), using adaptive optics on the 10-m W.M. Keck telescope, by stepping a spectrometer slit across Titan’s disk. We constructed images of Titan at each wavelength by ‘glueing’ the spectra together, producing 1400ultra-narrowband (~0.1nm) views of the satellite. With this method one can characterise Titan’s atmosphere over the ...

Exploiting the fact that the spectral characteristics of light backscattered from sediment-laden ice differ substantially from those of clean ice and that sediment tends to accumulate at the ice surface during the first melt season, remote-sensing techniques provide a valuable tool for mapping the extent of particle-laden ice in the Arctic basin and assessing its particulate loading. This study...

Trace element abundances in the sputtered extended atmospheres of the Galilean satellites reflect the surface abundances of these trace elements and can thus serve as signatures of surface processes on these satellites. We have measured sodium and potassium abundances in the extended atmospheres of Europa and Io, and derive sodium-to-potassium ratios of 25 ± 2 and 10 ± 3. The large difference b...

1. Indicators of Past Climates 2. Milestones in Paleoclimatic Research 3. History of the Atmosphere 3.1. Early Evolution 3.2 Secondary Atmosphere 3.3. The Atmosphere at the Time of the Origin of Life 3.4. The Last 600 Million Years 4. Climate Evolution 4.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the movement and transfer (i.e., flux) of water as a liquid at the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere as a gas. ET is a combination of open water evaporation and plant transpiration ( , which is the Sublimation transition of solid water (i.e., ice, snow) to vapor due to low atmospheric pressure (i.e., high altitude), dry air and high sunlight, is generally considered s...

One major problem of phase-referencing VLBI observations are phase errors due to the unknown tropospheric zenith delay at each antenna. These errors degrade the quality of the phase-referenced image and limit the achievable astrometric accuracy. We will present and compare two independent methods to estimate the zenith delay offset at each antenna. The zenith delay offsets can then be used to c...