Insulin-like growth factors play a key role for neuronal growth, differentiation, the survival of neurons and synaptic formation. The action of IGF-1 is most pronounced in the developing brain. In this paper we will try to give an answer to the following questions: Why are studies in children important? What clinical studies in neonatal asphyxia, infantile spasms, progressive encephalopathy-hyp...

Recent advances in the management of patients with suspected VTE have both improved diagnostic accuracy and made management algorithms safer, easier to use and well standardised. These diagnostic algorithms are mainly based on the assessment of clinical pretest probability, D-dimer measurement and imaging tests, mainly represented by compression ultrasound (CUS) for suspected DVT and computed t...

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a rare disorder of late childhood and early adolescence Affected patients usually show behavioural and intellectual disturbance and involuntary movements before dying in coma after about 12 months. At some stage most have characteristic electroencephalographic abnormalities. Pathologically, changes in the brain are those of subacute encephalitis with a var...

Relative frequency of neurologic diseases in Karachi, with special reference to inflammatory disorders has been estimated by using the comprehensive data from the Deptt. of Neurology, Dow Medical College, Karachi, The incidence of subacute scierosing pan encephalitis has been estimated to be approx. 10 per million. Figures for multiple sclerosis appear comparable to those from India, Turkey and...

Three types of intranuclear inclusions in neurones, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes were quantitatively evaluated by electron microscopy in the autopsy material derived from six cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) with different duration of disease. Viral nucleocapsids were found in neurones and oligodendrocytes with the highest incidence (about 38% of nuclei) in two acute cases...

CASE REPORT A 25-year-old man was referred to our department, a tertiary care neurology facility, with complaints of slowness of movements and a body tilt to the right for 3 months. These complaints were accompanied by multiple falls and behavioral changes, including apathy, lack of self-care, and decreased verbal output. He had a history of high-grade fever lasting for 5 days prior to onset of...