CONTEXT More research is needed to understand the flow characteristics of hyaluronic acid (HA) during motions used in osteopathic manipulative treatment and other manual therapies. OBJECTIVE To apply a 3-dimensional mathematical model to explore the relationship between the 3 manual therapy motions (constant sliding, perpendicular vibration, and tangential oscillation) and the flow characteri...

The destabilization of emulsions is important for many applications but remains incompletely understood. We perform squeeze flow measurements on oil-in-water emulsions, finding that the spontaneous generally very slow under normal conditions, with a characteristic time scale given by drainage continuous phase and coalescence dispersed phase. show if emulsion compressed between two plates, can b...

The purpose of reform is to reduce distortions in the economic system and enhance efficiency. However, along with incremental partial reforms, local governments or individuals often have the chance to capture the rent inherent in the gradual transition process. Young (2000) warned that this rent-seeking behavior might lead to increasing market fragmentation. Empirical studies have shown the opp...

OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects of thromboprophylactic transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TpTENS) of the peroneal nerve on venous blood flow in the limbs of volunteers. TpTENS might be considered for use in preventing venous stasis during surgical treatment. METHODS In 10 volunteers, peak venous velocity (PV) and flow volume (FV) in the popliteal vein were meas...