The claim has often been made that it is through writing, in particular, that we exploit the full potential of literacy, using it, as Bruner put it, as a technology for the empowerment of mind. Because of the need to make the meaning of our text clear and explicit for an audience who will have no other access to our thinking, we have a strong incentive to try to become clear for ourselves about...

This paper extends the standard quality ladder model of innovation and quality growth by allowing for heterogeneous industries. This enables us not only to deal with the Schumpeterian hypothesis about market power and innovation, but also to analyze industry specific demand pull and technology push effects. In accordance with the empirical evidence, we show that perspective of large market powe...

Abstract The ratio of Hα intensity to 1.4 GHz radio continuum in the North Polar Spur (NPS) is measured be ≲ 50, two orders magnitude smaller than values ∼104 observed typical shell-type old supernova remnants, Cygnus Loop and S147. extremely low Hα-to-radio favours Galactic-Centre explosion model for NPS, which postulates a giant shock wave at distance several kilo parsecs hot low-density Gala...

INTRODUCTION Radiographic descriptions of gout have noted the tendency to hypertrophic bone changes. The aim of this study was to characterize the features of new bone formation (NBF) in gout, and to determine the relationship between NBF and other radiographic features of disease, particularly erosion and tophus. METHODS Paired plain radiographs (XR) and computed tomography (CT) scans of 798...

In the transition between Mediterranean forest and the arid subtropical shrublands of the southeastern Iberian Peninsula, humans have transformed habitat since ancient times. Understanding the role of the original mosaic landscapes in wildlife species and the effects of the current changes as pine forest plantations, performed even outside the forest ecological boundaries, are important conserv...

National efforts to greatly reduce the number of uninsured Americans have made little progress for decades because achieving majority support for any one approach has proved to be impossible. While as authors we remain unreconciled on the best solution, we share the belief that federally supported state experimentation is a promising way to make progress. States should be allowed to try widely ...

can attend an English school in some of their spare hours, and many of them do so ; but the greater number either learn English of their own accord before entering the college, or acquire it after passing their examination. The recent substantial advantages for the acquirement of such knowledge will, no doubt, spur the young hands ; and in future we expect very few men of this class will pass i...

Climate researchers are bouncing back in spite of fresh criticism of the IPCC management and are looking to understand catastrophic individual events.

In order to make progress on Intelligent Tutoring in ill-defined domains it is helpful to start with a definition. In this paper we consider the existing definitions and select one for the basis of our discussion. We then summarize some of the more salient characteristics of ill-defined domains from a tutoring standpoint and some human and ITS strategies that have been employed to cope with the...