The simulation of complex fluid flows involving large variations of the computational domain, constitutes an open challenge using most numerical techniques. The Particle Finite Element Method allows to merge the advantages of the “standard” FEM with the ones of meshless methods and it is naturally well suited to address this category of phenomena [3], [6]. At the current stage it still remains ...

For flow conduits with mild slope and considerably large vertical curvatures the hydrostatic distribution of the pressure may be used for design proposes. However, for the spillway chutes actual pressure load over the steep slope beds with small vertical curvatures may differ from the hydrostatic pressure values. The differences in pressure load on curved bed chutes are mainly because of the ce...

Aspects of a method for 3D finite element computation of unsteady, incompressible freesurface flow are presented. The approach is based on the Deformable-Spatial-Domain/ Stabilized Space-Time (DSD/SST) finite element formulation, which takes automatically into account the deformation of the elements in response to the motion of the free surface. The free-surface elevation is governed by a kinem...

Recently the design flows of many dams have been re-evaluated, resulting in spills often larger than the original ones. In many cases, occurrence of revised flows would result in dam overtopping because of insufficient storage and spillway capacity of reservoirs. Embankment dams whilst common are more likely to fail than other dam types when overtopped in an uncontrolled manner because of breac...

For the last fifty years, the design floods of a number of embankment dams were re-evaluated and the revised spillway outflows are often larger than the original design discharges. Several embankment overtopping protection systems were developed for earthfill structures, and the applications range from river dykes to tsunami protections including embankment dams. Well-known designs include timb...

Flip buckets are terminal spillway elements, generating free jets for energy dissipation. Deflectors are an alternative to flip buckets with constructional ease yet of similar hydraulic features. A first experimental study published at the 33 IAHR Congress, Vancouver, investigated deflectorgenerated jets in terms of their air concentration characteristics. For jet impact onto a movable bed, the...

Water is an important constituent of life’s support system. However, industrial growth, urbanization and anthropogenic activities have affected the quality water bodies mostly in world. The aim study was to assess Rawal Lake, Pakistan, which source drinking for residents Islamabad Rawalpindi, using macro-invertebrates as pollution indicators, through microbial heavy metal analysis. For this pur...