Some pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in plants, such as PEPRs, sense endogenous, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are released during pathogen infection. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Yamada and colleagues show that genetic or pathogen-induced depletion of Arabidopsis BAK1, a co-receptor for multiple PRRs, primes immune activation through PEPRs. The work illustrates a...

Figure 1. Basic IGBT subcircuit Introduction You’ve finally tested a version of your design that seems to work well, but you would feel a lot better if you KNEW the circuit would work well with all the devices that the vendor will supply in production. You found a model in a library, but you are not sure what specifications from the data book apply to that model. The following paragraphs will t...

The functional units SPICE-models design steps of the controller K1156EU2 using Micro-Cap 12 computer assisted circuit software. Presented methodology includes analysis units. Developed models are used as baseline components for controllers’ SPICE-macromodel. and respective key characteristics aligned with represent fully all claimed hardware counterparts’ specifications. Each model can be tune...

This article studies the possibility of using circuit formats to describe radio components in electrodynamic modeling problems. The study was carried out on example a controlled metamaterial form an electromagnetic crystal with SPICE-models equivalent circuits pin-diodes and MEMS-keys. Also, Touchstone files as alternative format for describing radio-electronic considered. obtained results are ...

These electrical simulation programs have grown out of SPICE. SPICE is an acronym that stands for Simulation Program for IC Emulation. This is a tool originally intended to aid in the understanding of the performance of integrated circuits (ICs). Today, SPICE modeling has moved well beyond integrated circuit emulation to full circuit emulation with some packages also allowing for environmental ...

A suite of standards for software process assessment is being developed by ISO under the SPICE project. The intent of the SPICE standard is to harmonize the numerous efforts around the world to manage and improve the software process. This work is related to the software process work being done by the SEI, and the SEI is actively participating in the ISO activities. Drafts of the standard are b...