BACKGROUND Developmental reading problems show strong persistence across the school years; less is known about poor readers' later progress in literacy skills. METHOD Poor (n = 42) and normally developing readers (n = 86) tested in adolescence (ages 14/15 years) in the Isle of Wight epidemiological studies were re-contacted at mid-life (ages 44/45 years). Participants completed a spelling tes...

Despite the increasing significance of written communication, there is limited research into spelling therapy for adults with acquired dysgraphia. Existing studies have typically measured spelling accuracy as an outcome, although speed may also be important for functional writing. As spelling is relatively slow, effortful and prone to errors in people with dysgraphia, minimising errors within t...

In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the development of fluent reading and spelling in the first three years of learning Arabic. The goals of our study were to: 1) validate suitable measures for fluent reading and spelling in the first three years of learning Arabic; 2) trace the developmental course of the relationship between fluent reading and spelling in the first three years of lear...

Spelling speech recognition can be applied for several purposes including enhancement of speech recognition systems and implementation of name retrieval systems. This paper presents a Thai spelling analysis to develop a Thai spelling speech recognizer. The Thai phonetic characteristics, alphabet system and spelling methods have been analyzed. As a training resource, two alternative corpora, a s...

Relations among linguistic auditory processing, nonlinguistic auditory processing, spelling ability, and spelling strategy choice were examined. Sixty-three undergraduate students completed measures of auditory processing (one involving distinguishing similar tones, one involving distinguishing similar phonemes, and one involving selecting appropriate spellings for individual phonemes). Partici...

We propose an approach to correcting spelling errors and assigning part-of-speech (POS) tags simultaneously for sentences written by learners of English as a second language (ESL). In ESL writing, there are several types of errors such as preposition, determiner, verb, noun, and spelling errors. Spelling errors often interfere with POS tagging and syntactic parsing, which makes other error dete...

This research is directed at charting the neurotopography of the component processes of the spelling system by using fMRI to identify the neural substrates that are sensitive to the factors of lexical frequency and word length. In spelling, word frequency effects index orthographic long-term memory whereas length effects, as measured by the number of letters, index orthographic working memory (...

that any educated person can spell, yet literate adults commonly characterize themselves as poor spellers and make spelling mistakes. Many children have trouble spelling, but we do not know how many, or in relation to what standard, because state accountability assessments seldom include a direct measure of spelling competence. Few state standards specify what, exactly, a student at each grade ...

In this paper, we report a detailed analysis of the impaired performance of a dysgraphic individual, AD, who produced similar rates of letter-level errors in written spelling, oral spelling, and typing. We found that the distribution of various letter error types displayed a distinct pattern in written spelling on the one hand and in oral spelling and typing on the other. In particular, noncont...