he Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) mission is providing a core set of measurements defi ning the basic states of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere/ionosphere (MLTI) region (approximately 60–180 km above the Earth’s surface) and its global energy balance. This article discusses the TIMED spacecraft’s suite of four remote sensing instruments designed to ob...

Introduction: Rio Tinto area is considered a referent as an extremophilic scenery of iron rich and acidic water conditions for life [1]. Physic-chemical equilibriums taking place along of its watercourse during a year produce a repertory of mineral species related with the main chemical species in solution (sulphates and iron). Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique that allows studying the...

The principal objective was to measure the magnetic fields occurring in dental surgeries at simultaneous subtraction of direct ground component of the magnetic field. A specifically designed instrument with the Hall probe was used for the measurement. It consisted of two amplifiers and a low frequency filter. Its task was to measure mean square values of the field (RMS) dependent on the positio...

In this paper, we present an approach to design of command tables in aircraft cockpits. To date, there is no common standard for designing this kind of command tables. Command tables impose high load on human visual senses for displaying flight information such as altitude, attitude, vertical speed, airspeed, heading and engine power. Heavy visual workload and physical conditions significantly ...

Results Clear explanations with diagrams and photos are used to illustrate the differences of the most commonly used surgical instruments. We demonstrate how this affects needle and tissue handling, as well as performance. Tips are also given for scrub nurses on handling and loading left-handed instruments. We recommend a standard set that will allow Cardiothoracic Units to provide the essentia...

The cirrus clouds are a sort of transparent clouds that are barely visible in many satellite images. These clouds form a reflection effect in the images which hide the crucial information in remote sensing. Thus the removal of cirrus effect is essential to have an effective remote sensing over coastal regions and the following proposed algorithms proved to be cirrus-free images. The techniques ...

BACKGROUND Observational learning plays an important role in surgical skills training, following the traditional model of learning from expertise. Recent findings have, however, highlighted the benefit of observing not only expert performance but also error-strewn performance. The aim of this study was to determine which model (novice vs. expert) would lead to the greatest benefits when learnin...

results the mean age of patients was 16.7 ± 2.5 years. there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding gender, age, curve before surgery, and percentage of flexibility. the mean curvature was 70 ± 20.7 in the hr and 64.81 ± 19.4 in the cd group before surgery (p = 0.09); and the mean curvature was 40 ± 16.3 and 26.58 ± 15.37 in hr and cd groups respectively af...

background inguinal hernia is the most prevalent surgical disease in clinical practice. endoscopic inguinal hernia repair has been shown to be slightly superior to open approaches. recent modifications in the minilaparoscopic technique may improve the totally extraperitoneal repair (tep) results. objectives we have performed a prospective study to analyze the feasibility of laparoscopic inguina...

We describe electronic instruments for creation of effective Cooper pair spectroscopy. The suggested spectroscopy requires study electric field effects on the surface cleaved superconductors. instrument reacquires low noise amplifier with 10$^6$ amplitude amplification which we have formerly used Johnson-Nyquist and Schottky noises. nonspecific is followed by high-Q tunable resonance filter bas...