While it is relatively uncommon, an overdose of calcium-channel blockers, beta blockers, or digoxin has a significant morbidity and mortality rate, and its management can be complex. Digoxin toxicity can present with an acute overdose or as chronic toxicity while a patient is on therapeutic dosing, which has implications for diagnosis and management. While the patient's specific clinical presen...

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether and by which mechanism; histamine can induce state-dependent retrieval of passive avoidance task. The pre-training or pre-test intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of histamine (20µg/mouse) impaired retrieval, when it was tested 24 h later. In the animals, which retrieval was impaired due to histamine pre-training administration, pre...

Background Although the benefits of h-blocker therapy for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) are independent of pretreatment heart rate, patients with chronic systolic heart failure and low resting heart rates are often excluded from h-blocker therapy. We investigated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of prophylactic pacemaker insertion to facilitate h-blocker use in these pati...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous findings regarding a possible association between beta-blocker use and depression are mixed. To our knowledge there have been no studies investigating the association of beta-blockers with depression in primary care hypertension patients without previous myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between lipophilic beta-blocker ...

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of one course of rituximab (two 1-g doses) compared to an alternative tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) blocker in rheumatoid arthritis patients who had experienced one previous TNFα blocker failure (eg, etanercept, adalimumab, or infliximab). PATIENTS AND METHODS The efficacy of both treatments was studied in this retrospective, multicenter, noninterventional coho...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between treatment with an angiotensin receptor blocker and clinical outcomes in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction with preserved left ventricular systolic function. DESIGN A prospective cohort study using data from a nationwide large scale registry. SETTING 53 hospitals involved in treatment of acute myocardial infarction in Ko...