Effective shorebird conservation requires a greater understanding of use and availability of hightide roosts in coastal non-breeding areas. In this paper, we explore 1) variation in use of roosts; 2) landscape and environmental correlates of roost use; and 3) responses to predators and humans at roosts, to evaluate roost availability for a wintering population of Dunlin Calidris alpina pacifica...

During the TOGA COARE Intensive Observing Period, an energetic, surface-intensified, submesoscale cyclonic eddy was observed in the near-equatorial western Pacific warm pool. The eddy appeared to have been generated as part of the spindown of a strong eastward surface jet forced by the December 1992 westerly wind burst. Because of its potential impacts on the long-term heat, salt, and momentum ...

We propose new probabilistic models for the spatial distribution of supply and demand and use the models to determine how the trip length distribution is affected by the relative shortage or excess of supply, the spatial clustering of supply and demand, and the degree of attraction or repulsion between supply and demand at different spatial scales. The models have a multiplicative structure and...

at large spatial scales not attainable with experiments. Our Special Issue highlights some of the benefi ts of observational studies for advancing our understanding of fragmentation, including the use of observational studies to test hypotheses regarding conceptual models of habitat fragmentation (Brudvig et al. 2017), responses in fragmented agricultural landscapes (Carri é et al. 2017), model...

Are categorization and visual processing independent, with categorization operating late, on an already perceived input, or are they intertwined, with the act of categorization flexibly changing (i.e. cognitively penetrating) the early perception of the stimulus? We examined this issue in three experiments by applying different categorization tasks (gender, expressive or not, which expression a...

This study analyzed more than 50 years of land cover and land use changes in the 260 km 2 Koga catchment in North Western Ethiopia. The data used includes 1:50,000 scale aerial photographs, Landsat MSS, TM and ETM images, and ASTER images together with ground truth data collected through field surveys and community elders’ interviews. Aerial photographs have high spatial resolution but provide ...

Many island communities exhibit a highly nonrandom pattern of species composition in which smaller biotas contain successive subsets of the species in richer ones. Here, we examine the composition of continental communities to see whether this 'nested subset' pattern holds and, if so, to determine its spatial scale and environmental correlates. Granivorous rodent assemblages at 202 sites in Gre...

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[1] Biomass burning is an important global phenomenon impacting atmospheric composition. Application of satellite based measures of fire radiative energy (FRE) has been shown to be effective for estimating biomass consumed, which can then be used to estimate gas and aerosol emissions. However, application of FRE has been limited in both temporal and spatial scale. In this paper we offer a metho...

We describe flame propagation in a channel subject to a Poiseuille flow, within the thermo-diffusive approximation and an adiabatic context. The two-dimensional flame fronts addressed may be either assisted or opposed by the flow. The problem is characterized by two parameters, the intensity of the flow u0 and the spatial scale e. The total burning rate and the propagation speed are determined ...