Abstract The paper applies synthetic instruments, initially developed for cross-sectional regression, to estimate dynamic spatial panel data models. These have two main advantages. First, instruments correlated with endogenous variables and yet independent of the errors are difficult find. Not only normally exogenous, but they usually strongly variables, thus help avoid problem weak instruments...

In this paper, the spatial dynamic panel data (SDPD) model is extended to single-index (Si-SDPD) by introducing a nonlinear connection function reflect interaction between explanatory variables. The Si-SDPD not only retains advantages of parametric SDPD in dealing with and temporal effects spatio-temporal dependencies, but also solves limitations that may lead missed bias. It reduces dimension ...

This study examines the role of forest activities in carbon emissions for Chinese provinces. We use area and investment with two sub-proxies. The findings spatial analysis have reported significant positive coefficients area. On contrary, has a negative relationship emission. These results negate traditional belief propose that an increase forests through proper continuous management is conduci...

In this study, which examines the relationship between foreign trade and employment, is directly proportional to economic growth, aim investigate effect of import export on employment by including neighborhood relations. while number insured 4a, 4b 4c in Turkey's 81 provinces considered as variable, annual import, population values are also independent variables period 2009-2020 examined. Using...