In this paper, we propose a novel Cooperative Model for natural language understanding in a dialogue system. We build this based on both Finite State Model (FSM) and Statistical Learning Model (SLM). FSM provides two strategies for language understanding and have a high accuracy but little robustness and flexibility. Statistical approach is much more robust but less accurate. Cooperative Model ...

OFDM is an efficient modulation technique for wideband digital communication. A major drawback of OFDM modulation is the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal which limits its transmission range of communication. As PAPR increases it reduces the average power which affect on total power consumption of Transmitter. Normally, OFDM is implemented using FFT. In recent ye...

The main subject of spatial joins are polygons and polylines. The processing of spatial joins can be greatly improved by the use of filters that reduce the need for examining the exact geometry of spatial objects in order to find the intersecting ones. Approximations of candidate pairs of spatial objects are examined using such filters. As a result, three possible sets of answers are identified...

Peak to average Power Ratio (PAPR) is the major drawback of orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Since OFDM is the indispensable technology for 4G wireless schemes, great attention is given to PAPR reduction. Some of the techniques classified under signal distortion and signal scrambling already existing to meet the needs, but their effectiveness is still a question for re...

One of the major challenges in high-resolution μ-printing is the cross-talk between features written in close proximity—the proximity effect. This effect prevents, e.g., gratings with periods below a few hundred nanometers. Surprisingly, the dependence of this effect on space and time has not thoroughly been investigated. Here, we present a spatial-light-modulator based method to dynamically me...

Land use regulations are an important but often underrated legal domain. In densely populated regions such as the Netherlands, spatial plans have a profound impact on both (local) governments and citizens. This paper describes our work on a ‘Legal Atlas’. Using Semantic Web technology we combine distributed geospatial data, textual data and controlled vocabularies to support users in answering ...

We provide a detailed account of the construction of a system of holographic optical tweezers. While a lot of information is available on the design, alignment and calibration of other optical trapping configurations, those based on holography are relatively poorly described. Inclusion of a spatial light modulator in the setup gives rise to particular design trade-offs and constraints, and the ...

In this paper, we present a parser based on a stochastic structured language model (SLM) with a exible history reference mechanism. An SLM is an alternative to an n-gram model as a language model for a speech recognizer. The advantage of an SLM against an n-gram model is the ability to return the structure of a given sentence. Thus SLMs are expected to play an important part in spoken language ...

This paper presents two different approaches utilizing statistical language model (SLM) and support vector machines (SVM) for sentence boundary detection of spontaneous Japanese. In the SLM-based approach, linguistic likelihoods and occurrence of pause are used to determine sentence boundaries. To suppress false alarms, heuristic patterns of end-of-sentence expressions are also incorporated. On...

In this paper, a particular actuation singularity of a 3-RPS symmetrical rotational parallel mechanism (PM) is studied. When the movable platform of this PM is restricted to rotate about the vertical axis of the base, it is equivalent to a single loop mechanism (SLM). By analyzing the constraint properties of the SLM, the motion characteristics of this 3-RPS rotational PM under this motion are ...