What aspects of spatial relations influence speakers' choice of locative? This article presents a study of static spatial descriptions from 24 languages. The study reveals two kinds of spatial terms evident cross-linguistically: specific spatial terms and general spatial terms (GSTs). Whereas specific spatial terms-including English prepositions-occur in a limited range of situations, with conc...

Discourse markers are an important means to signal the kind of coherence relation holding between adjacent text spans. Research on generating discourse markers has been mainly concerned with causal markers, whereas temporal markers have not received much attention. In this paper, we identify semantic, pragmatic and syntactic features that are required to support a motivated choice of German tem...

this study was an attempt to examine the relationship between iranian efl students’ general knowledge of english and their use of english prepositions. to discover whether there was any sig- nificant relationship between efl university and high school students’ english proficiency level and their performance on a preposition test, three groups of beginning, intermediate, and upper intermediate ...

Temporal prepositions in English signal various temporal relations over events and times. In this paper, we propose to categorize such signals into four types: locative, measure, boundary, and orientation signals. We show that each of these signal types is constrained by its own semantic restrictions. First, each of them takes as its argument a temporal entity structure either of an atomic type...

This study investigated the effect of applying the dynamic system theory (DST) and cognitive linguistics (CL) insights into grammar instruction on EFL learners’ learning of English prepositions and learner autonomy. Sixty Iranian EFL learners at the lower-intermediate level of language proficiency were randomly assigned to 1 experimental and 1 control group. The 2 groups filled out an autonomy ...

English prepositions are extremely frequent and extraordinarily polysemous. In some usages they contribute information about spatial, temporal, or causal roles/relations; in other cases they are institutionalized, somewhat arbitrarily, as case markers licensed by a particular governing verb, verb class, or syntactic construction. To facilitate automatic disambiguation, we propose a general-purp...

sufficient measurements of effective parameters with suitable temporal and spatial distributions for all phenomena are needed. however, providing the data and informations are difficult and costly. so, temporal and/or spatial downscaling is of prime importance. by downscaling, one can generate data from available ones. there are diffent downscaling methods in literature but they are not compare...

Background: Spatial learning and navigation is a fundamental cognitive ability consisting of multiple cognitive components. Despite intensive efforts conducted with the assistance of virtual reality technology and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) modality, the music effect on this cognition and the involved neuronal mechanisms remain elusive. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the...