Exogenous long-chain fatty acids are activated to coenzyme A derivatives prior to metabolic utilization. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the activation of these compounds prior to metabolic utilization proceeds through the fatty acyl-CoA synthetases Faa1p and Faa4p. Faa1p or Faa4p are essential for long-chain fatty acid import, suggesting that one or both of these enzymes are components ...

Reddy, Janardan K. Nonalcoholic Steatosis and Steatohepatitis. III. Peroxisomal b-oxidation, PPARa, and steatohepatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 281: G1333–G1339, 2001.—Peroxisomes are involved in the b-oxidation chain shortening of long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, long-chain dicarboxylyl-CoAs, the CoA esters of eicosanoids, 2-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoAs, and ...

Despite an abundance of literature describing the basic mechanisms of action of L-carnitine metabolism, there remains some uncertainty regarding the effects of oral L-carnitine supplementation on in vivo fatty acid oxidation in normal subjects under normal conditions. It is well known that L-carnitine normalizes the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids in cases of carnitine deficiency. However,...

Numerous clinical studies have reported that statins increase the plasma concentration of arachidonic acid, which is an ω-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA), and decrease the concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which are ω‑3 LCPUFAs. These findings indicate that statins may affect the endogenous synthesis of LCPUFAs, which is regulated by fatty acid d...

one-hundred-sixty-eight 28-wk-old hy-line layers (w-36) were used to evaluate the effect of different levels of linseed (ls) and safflower seed (ss) on antibody titter, blood and yolk cholesterol, yolk fatty acid content and the ratio of omega-6/ omega-3. hens were randomly assaigned in a compeletly randomised design each 3 replicates of 8 hens. they were fed diets contained 0, 4, 7 and 10% ls ...

Most preterm infant formulas contain mediumchain triacylglycerols (MCT), but the effects of MCT on polyunsaturated fatty acid status and metabolism are controversial. Thus, we studied the effects of MCT on linoleic acid metabolism using stable isotopes. Enterally fed preterm infants were randomized to receive for 7 days 40% of fat as MCT (n 10) or a formula without MCT (n 9). At study day 5, in...

The long chain saturated fatty acids, arachidic (C20) and lignoceric (C24), are found as components of phospholipids within mammalian cellular membranes. Although these lipids have rarely been used as components of transfection reagents, we recently demonstrated that elongation of the fatty tail beyond C18 provide a means of increasing the transfection efficiency of cationic lipids. To investig...

Fatty acids (FAs) are highly diverse in terms of carbon (C) chain-length and number of double bonds. FAs with C>20 are called very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). VLCFAs are found not only as constituents of cellular lipids such as sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids but also as precursors of lipid mediators. Our understanding on the function of VLCFAs is growing in parallel with the identi...

Branched long-chain fatty acids of the iso and anteiso series are synthesized in many bacteria from the branched-chain alpha-keto acids of valine, leucine, and isoleucine after their decarboxylation followed by chain elongation. Two distinct branched-chain alpha-keto acid (BCKA) and pyruvate decarboxylases, which are considered to be responsible for primer synthesis, were detected in, and purif...