T his study investigates the effects of extra-ECOWAS merchandise trade and investment flows on the transmission of business cycles in the selected ECOWAS between 1985 and 2014.  The study finds that total trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) significantly influence the transmission of business cycles with elasticities of 1.1 and 0.7, respectively in the long run. There are little vari...

Rate-independent systems allow for solutions with jumps that need additional modeling. Here we suggest a formulation that arises as limit of viscous regularization of the solutions in the extended state space. Hence, our parametrized metric solutions of a rate-independent system are absolutely continuous mappings from a parameter interval into the extended state space. Jumps appear as generaliz...

Low angular momentum accretion flows can have standing and oscillating shock waves. We study the region of the parameter space in which multiple sonic points occur in viscous flows in presence of various cooling effects such as bremsstrahlung and Comptonization. We also quantify the parameter space in which shocks are steady or oscillating. We find that cooling induces effects opposite to heati...

The matrix affine Poisson space (Mm,n, πm,n) is the space of complex rectangular matrices equipped with a canonical quadratic Poisson structure which in the square case m = n reduces to the standard Poisson structure on GLn(C). We prove that the Hamiltonian flows of all minors are complete. As a corollary we obtain that all Kogan–Zelevinsky integrable systems on Mn,n are complete and thus induc...

We review the Symmetric Unitary One Matrix Models. In particular we discuss the string equation in the operator formalism, the mKdV flows and the Virasoro Constraints. We focus on the τ -function formalism for the flows and we describe its connection to the (big cell of the) Sato Grassmannian Gr via the Plucker embedding of Gr into a fermionic Fock space. Then the space of solutions to the stri...

Globular complexes were introduced by E. Goubault and the author to model higher dimensional automata. Globular complexes are topological spaces equipped with a globular decomposition which is the directed analogue of the cellular decomposition of a CW-complex. We prove that there exists a combinatorial model category such that the cellular objects are exactly the globular complexes and such th...

Ecosystem services are the effects on human well-being of the flow of benefits from ecosystems to people over given extents of space and time. The Service Path Attribution Network (span) model provides a spatial framework for quantifying these flows, providing a new means of estimating these economic benefits. This approach discovers dependencies between provision and usage endpoints, spatial c...

label switching technology is a flexible and high performance method for forwarding layer three packets that are mapped to layer two flows. each label switch router, lsr, needs a specific label for every flow, where the number of labels depends on the mapping and granularity of flows. data and control driven methods are the most significant and popular methods in label mapping policy. the above...

where P̂ is a linear projection onto the space of circulations, i.e., of all the flows f with Bf = 0, and ĥ is some fixed unit s-t flow. As we showed last time, once we construct a projection P (·) then we obtain an (1 − ε)-approximate maximum flow algorithm whose performance is described in the following theorem. Theorem 1 If P (·) is an α-approximate affine `∞-projection P (·) onto the space F...