To investigate the influence of different dietary fats on lipids and anti-cardiolipin antibody levels, autoimmune NZB/W F1 mice were fed on diets containing 200 g dietary fat as palm oil, lard-soyabean oil (1:1, w/w), soyabean oil, rapeseed oil or fish oil/kg. In addition, each dietary fat group was divided into an early-feeding group with feeding from 2 months of age, and a late-feeding group ...

Many workers believe that the association between serum cholesterol concentration and ischaemic heart disease is one of cause and effect and it is reported that a 10 % decrease in serum cholesterol is associated with a 27 % reduction in the risk of ischaemic heart disease (Law et al. 1994b) achieved after 5 or more years (Law et al. 1994a). The chief dietary determinants of plasma total cholest...

Many contaminants, such as phosphatides, mucins, free fatty acids, dyes, and compounds that impact the color odor, are present in crude fats oils variable concentrations. The standard chemical refining process removes these contaminants at numerous stages, including activation, carbonization, filtration, absorption, degumming, neutralization, bleaching. While degumming is done to remove phospha...

Earthworms affect nitrogen cycling directly through the consumption and assimilation of organic N and the turnover of N through excretion and mortality. Although earthworms can process large quantities of organic matter, organic-matter consumption by earthworms based on their nitrogen requirements has not been quanti®ed. Organic-matter consumption and the ef®ciency of nitrogen assimilation by e...