This recommendation relates to the composition of vaccines for the forthcoming winter in the southern hemisphere (May–October 2007). A recommendation will be made in February 2007 relating to vaccines that will be used for winter in the northern hemisphere (November 2007–April 2008). Epidemiological considerations will influence which recommendation (September 2006 or February 2007) is more app...

Beroe gracilis Künne, 1939 is a small neritic ctenophore, previously recorded only from cold waters of the northern hemisphere. The present study provides the first record of the species in the southern hemisphere, found in the surface layer of the Humboldt Current System off the central Chilean coast (32°-36.5° S). A complete description of this material is provided.

In the Northern hemisphere the geography of multiple sclerosis has been studied extensively. In general the frequency of the disease increases with increasing distance from the equator. Comprehensive reviews of the literature have been published by McAlpine, Lumsden, and Acheson (1965) and Kurtzke (1966). In the Southern hemisphere comparatively little information is available. Dean (1949) sugg...

The homogeneity of the ECMWF 40-yr Re-Analysis (ERA-40) is assessed. This is done by comparing ERA40 data with results from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and also by investigating a known relationship between a modeled (latent heat flux) and an external (SST) quantity. The direct comparison between the two reanalyses reveals a lot of inhomogeneities. They occur mainly in the Southern Hemisphere and ...

Paleoclimate proxy evidence suggests a southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during times of Northern Hemisphere cooling, including the Last Glacial Maximum, 19–23 ka before present. However, evidence for movement over the Pacific has mainly been limited to precipitation reconstructions near the continents, and the position of the Pacific marine ITCZ is less well constrai...

This study compares the OV1-10 satellite measurements of the integral airglow intensities at 630 nm in the SAR arc regions observed in the northern and southern hemisphere as a conjugate phenomenon, with the model results obtained using the time-dependent one-dimensional mathematical model of the Earth ionosphere and plasmasphere (the IZMIRAN model) during the geomagnetic storm of the period 15...

The ground level concentrations of methane in the atmosphere have been measured to be in the range from 1.45 to 1.62 parts per million by volume (ppmv) of dry air in remote locations between 62 degrees N and 54 degrees S latitudes during the time period from November 1977 to July 1979. The average (+/-rms) concentration for the northern hemisphere was 1.57 +/- 0.02 ppmv in January 1978 and 1.59...

Insects may survive subzero temperatures by two general strategies: Freeze-tolerant insects withstand the formation of internal ice, while freeze-avoiding insects die upon freezing. While it is widely recognized that these represent alternative strategies to survive low temperatures, and mechanistic understanding of the physical and molecular process of cold tolerance are becoming well elucidat...

A prominent feature of recent climatic change is the strong Arctic surface warming that is contemporaneous with broad cooling over much of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Longer global surface temperature observations suggest that this contrasting pole-to-pole change could be a manifestation of a multi-decadal interhemispheric or bipolar seesaw pattern, which is well correlated with the Nort...

emulateapj5 Accepted for publication in AJ New Southern T Dwarfs Burgasser et al. document The 2MASS Wide-Field T Dwarf Search. II. Discovery of Three T Dwarfs in the Southern Hemisphere Adam J. Burgasser1,2, Michael W. McElwain1, & J. Davy Kirkpatrick3 1Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1562; [email protected], mcelwain@as...