This zero-circulation property of source sheets has severe consequences for flow representation. Any aerodynamic model consisting only of a freestream and superimposed source sheets will have Γ = 0, and hence L = 0 as well. Hence, lifting flows cannot be represented by source sheets alone. This limitation is illustrated if we use source panels to model a flow expected to produce lift, such as t...

Supplementary lighting is frequently applied in the winter season for crop production in greenhouses. The effect of supplementary lighting on plant growth depends on the balance between assimilate production in source leaves and the overall capacity of the plants to use assimilates. This study aims at quantifying the source-sink balance and carbohydrate content of three tomato cultivars differi...

Antioxidants generally possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radical induced oxidative stress and disorders. Polyphenolics, especially flavonoids from plants serve as a good source of antioxidants. Investigation on the efficiency of these phenolics is of interest during recent years. The purpose of this work is to determine the total phenolic content, total flavonoi...

Plant canopies are strong sources of bacterial aerosols during sunny days when the leaves are dry. Bacterial concentration, upward flux, and deposition onto exposed petri plates were measured over snap beans during three growing seasons. A net upward flux of bacteria occurred only during the warm part of sunny days, not at night when leaves were wet with dew or when a thermal inversion was pres...

Simultaneous measurements of CO(2) and O(2) fluxes from wheat (Triticum aestivum) shoots indicated that short-term exposures to elevated CO(2) concentrations diverted photosynthetic reductant from NO(3)(-) or NO(2)(-) reduction to CO(2) fixation. With longer exposures to elevated CO(2), wheat leaves showed a diminished capacity for NO(3)(-) photoassimilation at any CO(2) concentration. Moreover...

Sources of free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) for the mesocotyl of intact etiolized maize ((Zea mays L.) seedlings are evaluated. The coleoptile unit, which includes the primary leaves and the coleoptilar node, is the main source of free IAA for the mesocotyl. The seed and the roots are not immediate sources of IAA supply. Dependence of the apical growing region of the mesocotyl on the coleoptile ...

There is increasing evidence that pathogens do not only elicit direct defense responses, but also cause pronounced changes in primary carbohydrate metabolism. Cell-wall-bound invertases belong to the key regulators of carbohydrate partitioning and source-sink relations. Whereas studies have focused so far only on the transcriptional induction of invertase genes in response to pathogen infection...

Global declines in coastal foundation species highlight the importance of effective restoration. In this study, we examined the effects of source population identity and diversity (one vs. three sources per plot) on seagrass (Zostera marina) transplant success. The field experiment was replicated at two locations in Massachusetts with adjacent natural Zostera marina beds to test for local adapt...

The net partitioning of current photosynthate among vegetative organs of nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated by determining radiolabel distribution from upper and lower source leaves, at different times of day, and during successively longer chase periods. Photosynthate was exported sooner and more completely by a fully expanded lower than by a fully expanded upper source le...

Background & Aim: Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) with common name of "Musir" is one of the endemic medicinal plants in Iran. Leaves and bulbs with antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-diabetes and anti-obesity effects are edible parts of this plant. The tissue culture is an influential method to multiply plant productions in order to meet demands of ...