Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) plays an important role in the formation of combustion-generatedparticles such as soot, and their presence in atmosphere aerosols has been widely shown. The formation of five-membered rings, detected in combustion effluent, is of great interest due to their genotoxic activity.The present study reports an investigation of the electronic structure of Acenapht...

This laboratory study uses a novel furnace to resolve nitrogen evolution during the three stages of pulverized coal combustion. primary devolatilization, secondary pyrolysis, and com­ bustion The behavior of six coals depicts continuous rank variations, as well as suppressed nitrogen evolution {i'om low volatility coals. During primary de volatilization of any coal, ar­ omatic compounds in tar ...

0010-2180/$ see front matter 2009 The Combust doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.11.009 * Corresponding author. Present address: CFD Rese AL 35805, United States. Fax: +1 256 726 4806. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (R.S. Mehta), dch [email protected] (M.F. Modest). 1 Present address: Department of Mechanical Engine Merced, CA 95348, United States. A comprehensive model for luminous turbulent ...

In order to achieve efficiencies in excess of 70% in transportation-scale engines, a mixed combustion/electrochemical strategy was developed in which a piston engine is coupled to a downstream fuel cell by way of a catalytic reformer. The piston engine serves to reform the fuel and extract some work by operating in a fuel-rich regime, the catalytic reformer serves to catalytically reform the ex...

Laser ablation of surfaces normally produce high temperature plasmas that are difficult to control. By irradiating small particles in the gas phase, we can better control the size and concentration of the resulting particles when different materials are photofragmented. Here, we irradiate soot with 193 nm light from an ArF excimer laser. Irradiating the original agglomerated particles at fluenc...

Soot was harvested from five combustion sources: a dodecane flame, marine and bus diesel engines, a wood stove, and an oil furnace. The soots ranged from 20% to 90% carbon by weight and molar C/H ratios from 1 to 7, the latter suggesting a highly condensed aromatic structure. Total surface areas (by nitrogen adsorption using the Brunauer Emmett Teller, BET method) ranged from 1 to 85 m2 g(-1). ...

E xhaust emissions from aircraft modify the chemical balance in major flight corridors, with significant direct and indirect impacts on global climate. It is estimated that the number of f lights will double from present-day rates by about 2025 (ICAO 2007). Unless major changes to combustion systems can be implemented, aircraft emissions can also be expected to double by 2025, along with their ...

The microemulsion is the emulsion with dimension of molecules approx. micrometre and smaller. Such microemulsion of water and diesel oil creates new quality and lets on obtainment ecological and economic of effects, as well as eliminates the disadvantageous influence common emulsions, or unprofitable effects of the injection of water to inlet system of the engine, direct to combustion chambers,...

A heat transfer model has been developed that uses quasi-steady heat flux relations to calculate the heat transfer from combustion gases through the cylinder wall to the coolant in an internal combustion engine. The treatment of convective heat transfer accounts for the physical problems of rotating and impinging axial flow inside the engine cylinder. The radiative heat transfer includes gas ra...

In this computational research, the separate and simultaneous impacts of diesel direct injection timing, fuel spraying cone angle, and hydrogen gas addition on combustion characteristics, output emissions, and performance in a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine was studied. In order to conduct the simulations, valid and reliable models for combustion, break-up, and for turbulence wa...