AIM To compare the efficacy of photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) technique with conventional, sonic and ultrasonic irrigation on the removal of apically placed dentinal debris from an artificial groove created in a root canal. METHODOLOGY Root canal preparation was performed up to size 40 on 48 extracted single-rooted teeth using ProTaper rotary instruments. The specimens were the...

Different equilibrium concepts have been proposed by various authors (Schweppe et al, Hogan, Chao and Peck, Wu et al) to analyse competitive electricity systems. We establish correspondences between these different models though a single framework and provide additional interpretations of these equilibrium concepts. This unifying conceptual view also provides a computationally feasible approach...

Borui Zheng∗ Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China Zhongyi Wang Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 100191 Beijing, People’s Republic of China Chao Gao Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China Hong Fang Beijing Institute of Nearspace Vehicle’s System Engineering, 100076 Beijing, People’s Republic of...

This paper provides an analysis of the judgment by the German Supreme Court in socalled Poem title list III (Gedichttitelliste III) together with relevant background to the case. The dispute concerned the infringement of the Sui Generis database right and the domestic supreme court decided the matter after the European Court of Justice gave its preliminary ruling on the interpretation of the re...

Chao Zhang and Shurong Sun School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China Correspondence should be addressed to Chao Zhang, [email protected] Received 29 January 2012; Revised 22 March 2012; Accepted 22 March 2012 Academic Editor: Kai Diethelm Copyright q 2012 C. Zhang and S. Sun. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution...

Preparation of washed particles. Cell-free extracts of highly virulent P. tularensis strain Sm were prepared by sonic disintegration of cells as described by Rendina and AMills (1957). Twenty ml of undialyzed centrifuged (3000 x G for 30 min) sonic extract, containing 3.8 to 4.2 mg SN per ml, were centrifuged for 3 hr at 105,000 X G at 5 C. The supernatant was decanted and thc reddish precipita...

BACKGROUND This research focused on the effects of low electric current (μE)-assisted sonic agitation of sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis infected human root dentin. METHODS Extracted human canine roots were instrumented, sterilized, and experimentally contaminated with E. faecalis. After incubation for 21 days, the presence of the biofilm was confirmed by scanning electron micros...

This study concerned the measurement of mood changes resulting from simulated sonic booms occurring during sleep. Subjects from three age groups (21 to 26, 40 to 45, and 60 to 72 years old) spent 21 consecutive nights in a sleeping room equipped for sonic-boom simulation. During the sixth through seventeenth nights, simulated sonic booms of 1.0 psf "outdoors'' overpressure level (.1 psf measure...

The purpose of this study was to compare the cleaning efficacy of passive ultrasonic activation with that of passive sonic activation after hand instrumentation. Sixty curved molar canals were hand-instrumented to size 35 and divided into three groups. Group 1 received no further treatment. Group 2 received 3 min of passive sonic activation. Group 3 received 3 min of passive ultrasonic activati...

PURPOSE Although power toothbrushes provide valuable tools toward improving oral health, contrasting results are discerned in their efficiency. This 10-week study was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of rotation/oscillation and sonic power toothbrushes in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis. METHODS This two-treatment, parallel group, examiner-blind, randomized study had the su...