A sub-group of LuxR family of proteins that plays important roles in quorum sensing, a process of cell-cell communication, is widespread in proteobacteria. These proteins have a typical modular structure consisting of N-ter autoinducer binding and C-ter helix-turn-helix (HTH) DNA binding domains. The autoinducer binding domain recognizes signaling molecules which are most often N-acyl homoserin...

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The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most widely used techniques in the field of molecular biology. PCR makes it possible to produce useable quantities of any particular sequence of DNA by systematic amplification of a single sample. The basic process involves mixing the template sequence with a collection of the four deoxyribosenucleotides and DNA polymerase along with a starting ...

This paper sketches a reverse engineering discipline which combines formal and semi-formal methods. Central to the former is denotational semantics, expressed in the ISO/IEC 13817-1 standard specification language (VDM-SL). This is strengthened with algebra of programming, which is applied in “reverse order” so as to reconstruct formal specifications from legacy code. The latter include code sl...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the microtensile bond strength to root dentin of AH Plus™ and EndoREZ® with Clearfil Liner Bond 2V and Optibond Solo™ Plus adhesive systems. STUDY DESIGN The coronal and middle thirds of six single rooted bovine teeth was split longitudinally in a mesio-distal direction. The two halves were joined with AH Plus or EndoREZ, with and without the u...

We report the first described non-plant family of TRIMs (terminal-repeat retrotransposons in miniature), which are small nonautonomous LTR retrotransposons, from the whole-genome sequence of the red harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae). Members of this retrotransposon family, named PbTRIM, have typical features of plant TRIMs in length and structure, although they shar...

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is reported in musicians of all experience, levels, and genre. However, solo classical musicians report MPA more often and at higher levels than performers in other genres because of its formal culture and traditional structure. Within solo classical musicians, collegiate training greatly differs between conservatories that award a Bachelor of Music (B.M.) and li...

Background: Test-driven development (TDD) and pair programming are software development practices popularized by eXtreme Programming methodology. The aim of the practices is to improve software quality. Objective: Provide an empirical evidence of the impact of both practices on package dependencies playing a role of package level design quality indicators. Method: An experiment with a hundred a...