Molecular testing in anatomic pathology is going to become more and more important during the next decade as we develop assays that can aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting response to therapy. The anatomic pathologist needs to be familiar with the different assays available but also needs to be able to discern which are going to become standard of care and which will not. Three differen...

Increased expression of the pro-angiogenic chemokine interleukin-8 (CXCL8, IL-8) contributes to the progression of solid cancers through its induction of tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. While histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been remarkably effective in treating hematological malignancies, they have been far less effective as single agents in the treatment of solid...

BACKGROUND The ability to undertake molecular analysis to inform on prognosis and predictors of response to therapy is limited by accessibility of tissue. Measurement of total circulating free DNA (cfDNA) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in peripheral blood may allow easier access to tumor material and help to predict clinical outcomes. METHODS A systematic review of electronic databases iden...

to produce a continuous outflow from the sampling device. In some tumors, but not in all of them, the pressure needed to stop this outflow was twice as large as that re quired for the normal subcutaneous tissue, and it was similar to that measured in the skin after venous obstruction. The sampling technic has been described in detail. Each sample was compared with the blood serum flowing into a...

The increasing efficacy of pediatric cancer therapy over the past four decades has produced many long-term survivors that now struggle with serious treatment related morbidities affecting their quality of life. Radiation therapy is responsible for a significant proportion of these late effects, but a relatively new and emerging modality, proton radiotherapy hold great promise to drastically red...

OBJECTIVE To find out the frequency of malignant solid tumors in children (< 15 years). SETTING All cases of pediatric malignant solid tumors which were diagnosed in the section of histopathology at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi during the period of two years. METHODS These tumors were initially evaluated on H&E stained sections and special stains were also performed whenever in...

Recently, a subpopulation of cells, termed tumor-initiating cells or tumor stem cells (TSC), has been identified in many different types of solid tumors. These TSC, which are typically more resistant to chemotherapy and radiation compared to other tumor cells, have properties similar to normal stem cells including multipotency and the ability to self-renew, proliferate, and maintain the neoplas...

Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) potentially is an attractive treatment for radiosensitive early-stage solid tumors and as an adjuvant to cytoreductive surgery. Topical administration of RIT may improve the efficacy because higher local concentrations are achieved. We reviewed the results of locally applied radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of solid tumors. Intracavitary RIT in patie...

Objective: To find out the frequency of malignant solid tumors in children (cTl5 years). Setting: All cases of pediatric malignant solid tumors which were diagnosed in the section of histopathology at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi during the period of two years. Methods: These tumors were initially evaluated on H&E stained sections and special stains were also performed whenever ind...

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The endothelin (ET) axis, which includes the biological functions of ETs and their receptors, has played a physiological role in normal tissue, acting as a modulator of vasomotor tone, tissue differentiation and development, cell proliferation and hormone production. Interestingly, it also functions in the growth and progression of various tumors. Several researchers hav...