BACKGROUND.: Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are rare variants of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that are nowadays primarily treated with high-dose methotrexate or methotrexate-based chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. The optimal treatment of PCNSL is still unknown and there are differences in clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS.: With a retrospective rese...

aim and background: coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) surgery is the most common surgical procedure for patients suffering from coronary artery diseases. many studies demonstrated cabg as a serious crisis for patients resulting in excessive stress and anxiety. this study was performed to assess the effects of reflexology on anxiety levels among cabg surgery candidates in shahid chamran hospit...

Background: Brain injuries are a major cause of mortality and disability. Sensory stimulation can reduce the complications of brain injuries in the patients.  Objectives: To compare the effect of foot reflexology with tactile stimulation of the hand on level of consciousness and physiological indicators in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients  Materials & Methods: 60 TBI patients hospitalize...

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by chronic burning pain, restricted range of motion, oedema and vasolability. Patients are difficult to treat and the prognosis is very often poor. This report emphasizes that an amputation in case of a reflex sympathetic dystrophy is mostly due to a too late recognition of this syndrome. In the international literature littl...

Stochastic resonance (SR) occurs when the detection of a subthreshold signal is aided by the presence of random energy fluctuations in the signal modality, commonly called noise. SR is counterintuitive because such noise usually worsens performance. Nonetheless, SR has been demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally in human sensory systems. Using a psychophysically sophisticated paradi...

Cats were trained to avoid a shock by moving from one to the other compartment of a double grill box at the onset of a compound signal which consisted of a soft low tone and a bright flashing light. After training on the compound signal unreinforced test trials were givcn on the tone alone and the light alone. By this procedure the relative potency of sound and light was established for normal ...

The tilt table test (TTT) is a useful method for the management of reflex syncope. However, the TTT is incomplete and has several problems. The indications for this test are established using guidelines. The TTT is not suitable for all syncopal patients. It is currently unclear (1) When should the TTT be used, (2) for which types of patients TTT should be performed, and (3) does the TTT provide...

Background/Aim: Upper limb breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a chronic and severe condition affecting significant percentage of cancer survivors. Even though its physiopathology well-known, there no worldwide consensus on BCRL evaluation gold-standard treatment. This narrative review aims at providing brief descriptive overview with regard to treatment modalities. Materials Methods: We...