esterase in the cucumber. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 31, 431-441. BELL, T. A., ETCHELLS, J. L., AND JONES, I. D. 1955 A method for testing cucumber salt-stock brine for softening activity. U. S. Dept. Agr., ARS-72-5, 1-15. BELL, T. A. AND ETCHELLS, J. L. 1956 Pectin hydrolysis by certain salt-tolerant yeasts. Appl. Microbiol., 4, 196-201. DEMAIN, A. L. AND PHAFF, H. J. 1957 Recent advances in the...

ABSTRACT. This paper provides an elementary introduction into modeling of localized inelastic processes such as cracking or formation of shear bands. The basic concepts are explained using a simple one-dimensional example. It is shown that a stress-strain law with softening used in a standard continuum description leads to physically meaningless results and that the numerical solution suffers b...

The changes in the mechanical properties and microstructure of nanocrystalline Cu-Zn alloys deformed by cryorolling during low temperature annealing and the post-process deformation were studied. The deformed Cu-Zn alloys exhibited uncommon anneal hardening and deformation softening behaviors. The degree of anneal hardening and deformation softening increased with the addition of the solute ato...

We report the observation of two dielectric transitions at 110 and 60 K in the microwave response of nonsuperconducting YBa2Cu3O6.0 crystals. The transitions are characterized by a change in polarizability and presence of loss peaks, associated with overdamped dielectric modes. An explanation is presented in terms of changes in polarizability of the apical O atoms in the Ba–O layer, affected by...

We describe a new technique, decalcification by perfusion, for the softening of bony tissue. The blood circulatory system was perfused in 16 rats via a cannula through the left heart ventricle with a fixative followed by New Decalc (an acidic demineralizer) for 30-240 minutes. Perfusion decalcification for 120 minutes softened all heads and middle ear specimens could be easily sampled and prepa...

Lithium cadmium phosphate glasses were prepared by melt quench technique. These glasses contain a mole % composition of x% Li2O-(50-x)% CdO-50%P2O5. The quantity x varies from 0-40 mole%. The physical properties reported in this paper are mass density ρ, modulus of rigidity η, coefficient of linear expansion α, transition temperature Tg, Softening temperature Ts, Oxygen packing density, Molar v...

We have measured the temperature dependence of the peak position and linewidth of the 42.5 meV phonon branch in a twinned single crystal of YBa 2Cu 3O 7 as a function of wave vector q. In the s100dys010d direction in the Brillouin zone, considerable softening and broadening occur below the superconducting transition temperature Tc at some values of q. We observe an order of magnitude smaller so...

We demonstrate here that microporous materials can exhibit softening upon adsorption of guest molecules, at low to intermediate pore loading, in parallel to the pore shrinking that is well-known in this regime. This novel and counterintuitive mechanical response was observed through molecular simulations of both model pore systems (such as slit pore) and real metal-organic frameworks. It is con...

The single-crystal elastic moduli of alpha-quartz were measured to above 20 GPa in a diamond-anvil cell by Brillouin spectroscopy. The behavior of the elastic moduli indicates that the high-pressure phase transition in quartz is ferroelastic in nature and is driven by softening of C44 through one of the Born stability criteria. The trends in elastic moduli confirm theoretical predictions, but t...

Ronald R. Yager Machine Intelligence Institute, Iona College New Rochelle, NY 10801 [email protected] (212)249-2047 ABSTRACT Fuzzy sets and other methods have been used to model a softening of constraints in CP problems. Here we suggest an approach to the softening of the CP problem at the meta level, the process used to aggregate the satisfactions to the individual constraints. We suggest the us...