background: successful therapy of leishmaniasis depends on effective cellular immune response. we evaluated the effectiveness of sodium selenite and zinc sulphate as known immunomodulator materials, in combination with glucantime® in treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions resulting from leishmania ma­jor in susceptible animal model. methods: thirty three female mice weighing 18-20 g at th...

Stability of ceftiofur sodium and cefquinome sulphate in intravenous solutions was studied. Chromatographic separation and quantitative determination were performed by using a high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-DAD detection. During the stability study, poly(vinylchloride) minibags were filled with a solution containing 5 mg of ceftiofur sodium or cefquinome sulphate and diluted to ...

Zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) exert regulatory activities on immune functions, while cadmium (Cd) is an immunotoxic agent. The object of this study was to detect effects of 10-4, 10-5, and 10-6 M Cd sulphate, Zn sulphate, and sodium selenite, and their combinations on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation and IFN-γ and TNF-α production. Only 10-5 M Zn sulphate significantly...

The following factors were measured for extracellular haemoglobins of Artemia salina: a minimal molecular weight of globin chain per haem group (based on the iron and haem contents), the absorption coefficients, the absorption spectra of various derivatives and the amino acid compositions. These were compared with those of the haemoglobins of other invertebrates. Three Artemia haemoglobins (I, ...

Disinfectants are chemical agents used in disinfection liquid form or solution and well-known as microbicidal, fungicidal, virucidal but still unknown parasiticidal, especially the effect to A. lumbricoides. In Indonesia, prevalence of ascariasis is about 30,4% high. Ascariasis caused by lumbricoides helminth that human swallows egg form. Ascaris egg's characteristics hydrophobic sticky, making...

Six methods of decontamination each for the isolation of mycobacteria from soil and water were compared. On the basis of the results obtained, three of the six methods for soil and two of the six methods for water were further evaluated. For both soil and water samples, the method using 3% sodium lauryl sulfate in combination with 1% NaOH yielded more positives than the other methods.

A defect-free graphene with 1–3 layers (very-few-layer graphene, VFLG) has been successfully produced using a facile and environmentally friendly two-step shear exfoliation method in rotating-blade mixer (kitchen blender) high rotor–stator mixer. An aqueous solution containing an inexpensive safe anionic surfactant of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) was deployed as the working fluid. Raman spectro...

The cellular toxicities of surfactants, a solvent, and an antifreeze that are included in herbicide formulations were assessed by measuring their effects on membrane integrity, metabolic activity, mitochondrial activity, and total protein synthesis rate in a cell culture. Polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and monoethylene glycol exhibited no cellular toxicity even at a high concentration o...