PURPOSE This cohort study investigated the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and diet soda consumption and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men. METHODS The participants were 2,037 employees of a factory in Japan. We measured consumption of SSB and diet soda using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. The incidence of diabetes was determined in annual me...

A defined deletion in the Escherichia coli K-12 sodA gene (encoding manganese-superoxide dismutase) linked to a nontransposable selectable marker was generated by transposon Tn5 insertion in combination with in vitro mutagenesis. This mutant allele was used to replace the wild-type sodA gene in an E. coli clinical isolate of serotype O18ac:K1:H7 by bacteriophage P1 transduction. The O18ac:K1:H7...

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy method was introduced to measure the lignin content in Acacia species. Acid-soluble lignin, Klason lignin, and total lignin contents from 78 wood meal samples of Acacia spp. trees grown in Guangxi province with different ages, height, and families were measured by wet chemistry. NIR spectra were also collected using a Bruker MPA spectrometer within 4000-12500cm ...

Oxidation of Isolated Lignin with Laccase Lignin preparations from either pulping processes or from known isolation techniques have been treated with laccase relatively infrequently. This may be due to the media in which the lignin is isolated, since lignin is not water-soluble and laccase enzymes function optimally in aqueous environments. The reaction of laccase with insoluble lignin would be...

For research and development of plants suitable for forage and biofuel production, the development of a highthroughput system of lignin determination, especially for herbaceous species, is important. However, currently available methods for lignin determination are not suitable for high-throughput analysis of herbaceous samples. In this paper, we describe a straightforward, high-throughput meth...

Pseudomonas sp. strain YS-1p and Rhizobium sp. strain YS-1r were isolated from a lignin-degrading enrichment culture. The isolates degraded lignin-derived monomers, dimers, alkali lignin, and, to a smaller extent (3% to 5%), lignin in switch grass and alfalfa. Genome analysis revealed the presence of a variety of lignin-degrading genes.

As an alternative raw material for various cellulose derivatives, the current research studied processing of old corrugated container (OCC) in subsequent stages homogenization (soda cooking) and purification (bleaching with hypochlorite). The properties were characterized four different categories including chemical composition or purity, accessibility, reactivity, structural features. Alkali d...

A method for the direct assessment of the dissolved CO2 concentration in supersaturated water is presented that is based on changes to the physical chemistry of soda lime due to uptake of CO2. The approach is an adaptation of a standard method used for the quantifi cation of soil respiration, and was found to agree with pCO2 measurements made using infrared gas analysis. In this method, the sod...

Demethylation of softwood kraft lignin from woody biomass to improve the hydroxyl number in modified demethylated lignin and to produce lignin-based polyols was investigated using several biophysical techniques. Lignin is a tremendously under-developed natural polymer co-generated through papermaking and biomass fractionation. Molecular weights of lignins were analyzed by high-performance size-...

Lignin is readily available as a by-product from the pulp and paper industry. It is considered to be a promising substitute for phenol in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin synthesis, given the increasing concerns of the shortage of fossil resources and the environmental impact from petroleum-based products. One hurdle that prevents the commercial utilization of lignin is its low reactivity due to ...