BACKGROUND Although needle and syringe sharing is one of the main routs of transmission of HIV in several countries in the middle east, very little is known about how socio-economic status of injecting drug users (IDUs) is linked to the receptive syringe sharing behaviors in these countries. AIM To study socio-economic correlates of receptive needle and syringe sharing among IDUs in Iran. M...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate how perceived neighbourhood safety and area deprivation influenced the relationship between parklands and mental health. METHODS Information about psychological distress, perceptions of safety, demographic and socio-economic background at the individual level was extracted from New South Wales Population Health Survey. The proportion of a po...

INTRODUCTION Depression is a well known health problem worldwide. Prevalence of depressive disorders varies in different societies. AIM to determine the prevalence of depressive disorders and some associated factors in Rasht City (Northern part of Iran). MATERIALS AND METHODS 4020 subjects were selected among 394925 residents of Rasht aged between 18-70 during 2003 - 2004. In the first phas...

Background Despite the implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) since 2005 in Nigeria, the level of health insurance coverage remains low. The study aims to examine the predictors of enrolment in the NHIS among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.   Methods Secondary data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) were utilized to ex...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES India is a large country with each State having distinct social, cultural and economic characteristics. Tobacco epidemic is not uniform across the country. There are wide variations in tobacco consumption across age, sex, regions and socio-economic classes. This study was conducted to understand the wide inequalities in patterns of smoking and smokeless tobacco consumpti...

background: prenatal care consists of a series of clinical visits and services offered to pregnant women throughout the ante-partum period. despite advances in the extent of prenatal care use in iran, some women still avoid using these services. it is therefore very important to investigate the prevalence of prenatal care use, and to identifythe factorsassociated with it. objective: this study ...

land-use planning is a science that determines the type optimum of land-use through studying the ecological characteristics of the land as well as its socio-economic structure. the primary objective of this study is to evaluate the land-use and natural resources for future sustainable land planning using gis. in this study, the makhdoom’s systematic method was used to analyze the ecological and...

climate change and its possible impacts on the environment and socio-economic systems now constitute the most important environmental problem facing mankind in the 21st century. climate change will increase poverty and hardship, endanger food security, destabilize economies, decrease food and water and create social insecurity in many countries and undermine our goals for achieving sustainable ...