This paper analyzes two proposed models for simulating opinion dynamics in social networks where beliefs might be considered to be competing. In both models agents have a degree of tolerance, which represents the extent to which the agent takes into account the differing beliefs of other agents, and a degree of conflict, which represents the extent to which two beliefs are considered to be comp...

Abstract Earlier literature studies the relationship between Internet use and individual tolerance, but little research explores these links in context of China. This article analyzes impact on individuals’ tolerance using Chinese national social survey data from 2015 to 2021. The results find that has a significant positive effect (ST) moral (MT), this is still valid after dealing with endogen...

This paper investigates how medieval Islam encouraged scienti…c innovation. By granting non-Muslims a degree of religious freedom, Muslim law created competition between religions for converts and social standing. Institutionalized tolerance, coupled with initial disadvantages in the number of adherents and sophistication of theological scholarship, encouraged Muslim religious elites to promote...

The protests that swept the Arab Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are expected to have influenced two key civic attitudes fundamental to well-functioning democracies: trust and tolerance. However, systematic comparative assessments of the general patterns and particularities in this region are rare. This contribution theorizes the uprisings’ impact and presents new society-level measurements...

this study was conducted to determine drought tolerance genotypes with superiority in different stressed environments. to screening quantitative indices of drought tolerance, genotypes of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) were tested in a complete randomized block design with three replications under two different water regimes (irrigated and rainfed). significant positive correlation was fou...

D iagnosis has been considered a process of “labeling” with consequences that can be both positive (access to treatment) and negative (social rejection). The ultimate goal of making a diagnosis is to adequately inform the patient, thereby enhancing knowledge of the disorder, adherence to therapeutic advice, and the ability to manage illness effectively. Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes a...

Grooming is a key social behavior in many primate species. Research has focused on three important aspects: the short- and long-term trading patterns of grooming for itself and/or for other commodities like tolerance or coalitionary support, the issue of whether exchanges are a convincing example for reciprocity, and what decision rules underlie trading. These issues remain largely unresolved d...

Theoretical and field studies suggest that inferior competitors may be able to avoid costly agonistic interactions, although the mechanisms involved are poorly understood in lizards. The “Dear enemy recognition” theory proposes that higher tolerance among familiar than among unfamiliar conspecifics may reduce costly interactions. Male lizards Lacerta monticola are able to discriminate between f...