The paper studies tax evasion in an evolutionary setting. In addition to standard variables such as the fine individuals may have pay if found guilty or probability of being audited, agents’ inclination engage also be affected by social interactions. Moreover, expected payoffs include reputational costs rewards awarded society after individual is audited. shows how (i) norms play a very importa...

BACKGROUND First experiences of tobacco use usually occur in adolescence. The recognition of social norms leading to youth smoking is hence necessary. We tried to assess the social norms among Iranian young cigarette and hookah smokers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 451 girls and 361 boys aging 20-25 years old who entered Isfahan and Kashan Universities (Iran) in 2007. D...

An increasing amount of investment has been devoted to protecting and restoring ecosystem services worldwide. The efficiency of conservation investments, including payments for ecosystem services (PES), has been found to be affected by biological, political, economic, demographic, and social factors, but little is known about the effects of social norms at the neighborhood level. As a first att...

BACKGROUND Patients' involvement in medical decision-making is crucial to provide good quality of care that is respectful of, and responsive to, patients' preferences, needs and values. Whether people want to be involved in medical decision-making is associated with individual patient characteristics, and health status. However, the observation of differences in whether people want to be involv...

Courts often look to existing social norms resolve difficult questions in Fourth Amendment law. In theory, these can provide an objective basis for courts’ constitutional decisions, grounding law familiar societal attitudes and beliefs. reality, however, shift rapidly, are constantly being contested, frequently reflect outmoded discriminatory concepts. This Article draws on contemporary sociolo...