Captured images arise through interaction between objects of interest and illuminating light sources. If the latter are unevenly distributed, or are too strong or too weak, the image can have low contrast either locally or globally, impeding its interpretation and reducing its usefulness. In practice, control of illumination conditions is challenging, and not always possible. Thus, we propose a...

Segmentation of images aims at dividing areas corresponding to different objects. There are two approaches for image segmentation, one is based on discontinuities and other is based on similarities. These approaches can be used for enhancing and extracting the tumor area in MRI/CT images. In this paper Sobel and Extended Sobel edge operators are applied on the MRI / CT images containing tumors....

This survey provides an extensive account of research in economics based on the stochastic games paradigm. Its area-by-area coverage is in the form of an overview, and includes applications in resource economics, industrial organization, macroeconomics, market games, experimental and empirical economics. For methodologically defined frameworks, the coverage is somewhat more detailed (to the ext...

We model demand for non-instrumental information, drawing on the idea that people derive entertainment utility from suspense and surprise. A period has more suspense if the variance of the next period’s beliefs is greater. A period has more surprise if the current belief is further from the last period’s belief. Under these definitions, we analyze the optimal way to reveal information over time...

Recovering lost part of an image plays a great role in image processing. Inpainting is a technique that helps in recovering lost pixels from an image. From the existing techniques of Inpainting, Exemplar Inpainting is one of the fast and better techniques that help in restoring the lost part of an image. Exemplar based method chooses a patch similar to the lost patch from the known area to fill...

We model a firm’s decisions about product innovation, focusing on the extent to which features should be improved or changed in the succession of models that comprise a life cycle. We show that the structure of revenues and costs can suggest when a firm should pursue radical rather than incremental innovation. We use the criterion of maximizing the expected present value of profits during the l...

This chapter considers a recent trend in the application of stochastic games to economics characterized by the use of the lattice-theoretic approach to capture the monotonic properties of Markovian equilibria. The topics covered are: (i) a general framework for discounted stochastic games with Liptchitz-continuous and monotone equilibrium strategies and values, (ii) a model of capital accumulat...

License plate localization for vehicle has been widely studied before, giving favorable results. However, as far as this research has advanced, there is no indication of extensive benchmarks to test the algorithms. Thus, in this work is presented the first stage of a vehicle’s license plate Automatic Recognition System, which is focused to only find the license plate. Three similar algorithms w...

In our 1996 article “Have Americans’ Social Attitudes Become More Polarized?” (AJS 102 [3]: 690–755) we addressed the substantive question of whether or not polarization on 18 morally charged social issues had increased over a period of approximately two decades. That article examined all of the then-available years of data from the General Social Survey (GSS) and the National Election Study (N...

This section contains a concise description of the algorithm, that is divided into 6 steps. After the original image is loaded, a simple thresholding operation is performed to discard data that we are confident that do not belong to the lungs (Figure 1a). After the thresholding, we select the outermost boundary voxels in the axial slices of this pre-segmented volume. The seeds found in Step 1 a...