AIMS To assess whether pre-soaking files in an enzymatic cleaner prior to ultrasonic cleaning had any effect on cleanliness and also to assess the effect of the time that endodontic files spend in an ultrasonic bath prior to sterilization on their overall cleanliness. METHODOLOGY Twenty root canals in a total of ten patients were cleaned and shaped using conventional techniques. Following use...

for treatment of anti-nutritional factors(anfs), (?-n-oxalyl -l- ?, ? -diaminopropionic acid (?-odap) and condensed tannin (ct)) in grass pea, some such alkali treatments as naoh, nahco3, kmno4 and wood ash, besides water soaking and polyethylene glycol (peg) (6000 mw) were employed . metabolizable energy (me) of treated and of untreated grass pea was assessed using gas production technique, tw...

Salicylic acid (SA) is a common, plant-produced signal molecule that is responsible for inducing tolerance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. An experiment was therefore conducted to test whether the application of SA at various concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50 or 1.0 mM) through a seed-soaking method would protect cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings subjected to salt stress. Aft...

In order to explore the possibility of enhancing wheat productivity with limited inputs, an experiment entitled “Effect of seed soaking in nitrogen, phosphorus and herbicides solutions on yield and other characteristics of wheat” was conducted at the Agriculture Research Farm of NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar during winter2002-03. Seeds were soaked in pure water, 0.1% and 0.5% urea solut...

Nickel oxide nanostructures with different lengths have been easily synthesized by calcining nickel foil after soaking in LiOH solution of different concentrations. The measurements of electrochemical properties of these NiO nanostructures show that different lengths of NiO nanostructures would have different electrochemical properties and the NiO nanowires with the longest length have the larg...

A novel multiple shape memory hydrogel is fabricated based on two reversible physical interactions. The multiple shape memory property is endowed by a simple treatment of soaking in NaOH or NaCl solutions to form chitosan microcrystal or chain-entanglement crosslinks as temporary junctions.