Sneddon's syndrome is characterized by chronic, progressive arteriopathy that causes ischemic stroke and skin lesions. It seems that thrombotic or embolic process in vessels may have role in its pathology. Neurological symptoms are always due to ischemic event of cerebrovascular system and skin manifestations include deep blue skin lesions with irregular margins called livedo reticularis and li...

A73-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of severe back pain. CT and MRI (Figure 1) revealed aortic dissection. Transesophageal echocardiography (Figure 2) showed a thickened intimal tear of the thoracic aorta. The patient was treated with calcium blockers (cilnidipine and diltiazem) and a b-blocker (metoprolol). One month later, the patient complained of left leg pain. Physical ex...

Antiphospholipid syndrome spans many medical disciplines. Classic criteria include the presence of anticardiolipin antibody or lupus anticoagulant with typical complications of thrombosis or pregnancy loss. Other common associated manifestations include livedo reticularis, thrombocytopenia, valvular heart disease, and nephropathy with renal insufficiency, hypertension, and proteinuria. Treatmen...

This report illustrates a case of peripheral nerve vasculitis associated with elevated anticardiolipin antibodies. A 49-year-old female with a history of seven spontaneous abortions initially complained of pain and numbness in her right calf that later spread to the left foot and ankle. Over the next few months, she developed a Raynaud phenomenon and livedo reticularis. Clinical examination rev...

Raised levels of serum antiphospholipid antibodies have most commonly been reported in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There remains, however, a group of patients with raised antiphospholipid antibody levels who do not have any other well defined disease, but do have clinical features associated with these raised antibodies. The clinical, haematological, and serological featur...

tified, and the severity and classification of disease correlate approximately with genotype. In this case, we found a novel mutation c.2T>A in exon 2 responsible for ND resulting in a missense mutation. The mutation affecting the initiation codon produced an AAG codon, which could not initiate translation. As the translation start site and its context sequence play an important role in the con...

Hyperhomocysteinemia associated with methylene terahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation can be a risk factor for idiopathic cerebral venous thrombosis. We describe the first case of MTHFR 677TT homozygote with cerebral venous thrombosis and livedo reticularis. A 45-year-old man presented with seizures and mottled-like skin lesions, that were aggravated by cold temperature. Hemorrhagic infarct...

Child trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) are egregious crimes, extreme forms of child maltreatment, and major violations of children’s human rights. Although empirical research is sorely lacking on the impact of such crimes on children’s developmental well-being, numerous reports describe the physical and emotional trauma, humiliation, vio­ lence, degradation associated with t...

Early development in humans is characterised by low and variable embryonic viability, reflected in low fecundity and high rates of miscarriage, relative to other mammals. Data from assisted reproduction programmes provides additional evidence that this is largely mediated at the level of embryonic competence and is highly heterogeneous among embryos. Understanding the basis of this heterogeneit...