OBJECTIVE Catecholamines have been shown to control bone marrow (BM)-derived cell egress, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this effect and their subsequent participation to postischemic vessel growth are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA levels, as well as dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) contents, were increased in the ischemic BM of m...

Long-term inhibition of D2 dopamine receptors using classic D2 dopamine receptor antagonists such as haloperidol often causes a compensatory up-regulation of the D2 dopamine receptors. We investigated whether the long-term inhibition of D2 dopamine receptors using an eukaryotic expression vector housing a cDNA sequence encoding an antisense RNA directed to the D2 dopamine receptor transcript (D...

Methods for the assessment of akinesia in the unilateral rat Parkinson model have so far been lacking. The experiments reported here evaluate the usefulness of a new "stepping test" to monitor forelimb akinesia in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the mesencephalic dopamine (DA) system, and to assess the ability of DA-receptor agonists and fetal DA neuron transplants to...

Switching Kalman Filters (SKF) are well known for their ability to solve the piecewise linear dynamic system estimation problem using standard Filter (KF). Practical SKFs heuristic, approximate filters that not guaranteed have optimal performance and require more computational resources than a single mode KF. On other hand, applying mismatched KF switching (SLDS) results in erroneous estimation...

Activation of dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) has been shown to induce epileptiform activity. We studied the molecular changes occurring in the hippocampus in response to the administration of the D1-type receptor agonist, SKF 81297. SKF 81297 at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg induced behavioural seizures. Electrophysiological recordings in the dentate gyrus revealed the presence of epileptiform discharges pea...

Given the limitations of BMI, low-cost alternatives are needed to accurately and efficiently estimate adiposity in physical education classes. The purpose of this study was to examine the convergent validity between the Omron HBF-301 BIA device (BIA) and skinfold thickness assessment (SKF) in middle-school students using current FITNESSGRAM standards. Body composition was assessed on 134 studen...

This study examined whether microinjection of the full D1 agonist, SKF 81297, or the D1 antagonist, SCH 23390, into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) would alter the expression phase of cocaine sensitization. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered saline or cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) once per day for seven consecutive days. After 8 to 17 days withdrawal, rats received a bilateral intra-mPFC...

Inspired by the estimation capability of Kalman filter, we have recently introduced a novel estimation-based optimization algorithm called simulated Kalman filter (SKF). Every agent in SKF is regarded as a Kalman filter. Based on the mechanism of Kalman filtering and measurement process, every agent estimates the global minimum/maximum. Measurement, which is required in Kalman filtering, is mat...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is believed to mediate part of the ischemic neuronal damage caused by the excitatory amino acid glutamate. (+)SKF 10,047, the prototypic sigma-agonist, interacts with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Therefore, we studied the neuroprotective effect of (+)SKF 10,047 on cultured rat cerebellar neurons and on CA1 hippocampal neurons of ger...

BACKGROUND Control of skeletal muscle mass and force production is a complex physiological process involving numerous regulatory systems. Agents that increase skeletal muscle cAMP levels have been shown to modulate skeletal muscle mass and force production. The dopamine 1 receptor and its closely related homolog, the dopamine 5 receptor, are G-protein coupled receptors that are expressed in ske...