This paper proposes a new part-based approach for skew estimation of document images. The proposed method first estimates skew angles on rather small areas, which are the local parts of characters, and subsequently determines the global skew angle by aggregating those local estimations. A local skew estimation on a part of a skewed character is performed by finding an identical part from prepar...

In recent years, the skew-normal models introduced by Azzalini (1985)—and their multivariate generalizations from Azzalini and Dalla Valle (1996)—have enjoyed an amazing success, although an important literature has reported that they exhibit, in the vicinity of symmetry, singular Fisher information matrices and stationary points in the profile log-likelihood function for skewness, with the usu...

let $rin textbf{c}^{mtimes m}$ and $sin textbf{c}^{ntimes n}$ be nontrivial involution matrices; i.e., $r=r^{-1}neq pm~i$ and $s=s^{-1}neq pm~i$. an $mtimes n$ complex matrix $a$ is said to be an $(r, s)$-symmetric ($(r, s)$-skew symmetric) matrix if $ras =a$ ($ ras =-a$). the $(r, s)$-symmetric and $(r, s)$-skew symmetric matrices have a number of special properties and widely used in engi...

In recent years, the skew-normal models introduced in Azzalini (1985) have enjoyed an amazing success, although an important literature has reported that they exhibit, in the vicinity of symmetry, singular Fisher information matrices and stationary points in the profile log-likelihood function for skewness, with the usual unpleasant consequences for inference. For general multivariate skew-symm...

Cooperative breeders often exhibit reproductive skew, where dominant individuals reproduce more than subordinates. Two approaches derived from Hamilton's inclusive fitness model predict when subordinate behavior is favored over living solitarily. The assured fitness return (AFR) model predicts that subordinates help when they are highly likely to gain immediate indirect fitness. Transactional s...

Document image processing has become an increasingly important technology in the automation of office documentation tasks. Automatic document scanners such as text readers and OCR (Optical Character Recognition) systems are an essential component of systems capable of those tasks. One of the problems in this field is that the document to be read is not always placed correctly on a flat-bed scan...

Power is a primary concern in modern circuits. Clock distribution networks, in particular, are an essential element of a synchronous digital circuit and a significant power consumer. Clock distribution networks are subject to clock skew due to process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations and load imbalances. A target skew between sequentially-adjacent registers can be obtained in a balanc...