OBJECTIVE Lithium and valproic acid (VPA) have been reported to produce antioxidant effects by increasing the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) expression, which may contribute to their neuroprotective properties. As a coactivator for many transcriptional factors including PGC-1α, coactivator-associated arginine methyltrans...

Honokiol (poly-phenolic lignan from Magnolia grandiflora) is a Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) activator which exhibit antioxidant activity and augment mitochondrial functions in several experimental models. Modern evidence suggests the critical role of SIRT3 in the progression of several metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Amyloid beta (Aβ), the precursor to extracellular senile plaques, accumulates i...

Deoxynivalenol (DON) commonly infects agricultural foods; it exhibits toxicity by inducing oxidative stress and inhibiting protein synthesis. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (NRF2) regulates the cellular antioxidant response. We investigated cytotoxicity of DON its effect on NRF2 response in HepG2 cells. The Methyl Thiazol Tetrazolium (MTT), glutathione (GSH) ATP assays evaluated toxicity,...

Oxidative stress, which is characterized by disruption of the oxidant/antioxidant balance, causes pathological processes, including toxicities induced certain mycotoxins. The present study was designed to investigate effects resveratrol on sirtuin deacetylases (SIRT2 and SIRT3), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH) malondialdehyde (MDA) in fumonisin B1-induced hepatotoxicity. Regarding ...

Sirtuins are NAD-dependent lysine deacylases that play critical roles in cellular regulation and are implicated in human diseases. Modulators of sirtuins are needed as tools for investigating their biological functions and possible therapeutic applications. However, the discovery of sirtuin modulators is hampered by the lack of efficient sirtuin assays. Here we report an improved fluorogenic as...

The present study aimed to explore the effects of α-cyperone, an extract Cyperus rotundus, on PC12 cells, as well underlying mechanism. Following cells were induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygena-tion (OGD/R), viability, morphology, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptotic levels in evaluated. To mechanism treated with 3-TYP, a sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) inhibitor, then 3-TYP function α-cyp...

Objective: Infiltrated macrophages actively promote perivascular adipose tissue remodeling and represent a dominant population in the microenvironment of hypertensive mice. However, role initiating metabolic inflammation remains uncertain. SIRT3 (sirtuin-3), NAD-dependent deacetylase, is sensitive to status mediates adaptation responses. In this study, we investigated SIRT3-mediated shift regul...

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether lack of skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) affects the switch in substrate utilization from a fed to fasted state and the fasting-induced pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) regulation in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1α knockout (MKO) mice and floxed littermate controls w...

This month's installment of Generally Physiological focuses on mitochondria, exploring circadian regulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, what happens when you eliminate the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, and Ca 2+ transport by the inner mito-chondrial membrane protein Letm1. Circadian regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics Circadian clocks synchronize physiological processes with...