toos fertile plain, located between two mountain ranges hezarmasjed and binalood, has attracted different ethnic groups through ages due to environmental conditions, and has provided a proper ground for human inhabitation and continuation of life since oldest times. discovery of handmade tools dated to lower paleolithic age in the middle of the plain and banks of kashaf river (kashaf rud), exis...

In 1910, Sir Marc Armand Ruffer (1859-1917), considered to be one of the founders of paleopathology, discovered the calcified eggs of Schistosoma haematobium in the kidneys of two mummies from Egypt’s 20 dynasty (1250-1000 BC). Since Ruffer’s discovery, debate has ensued over whether the medical papyri offer conclusive evidence that schistosomiasis, or bilharziasis, was known to the ancient Egy...

neurilemmomas are benign tumors of peripheral nerve sheath schwann cells. one of the variants of neurilemmoma is the ancient type of neurilemmoma characterized by degenerative features such as cystic degeneration, calcification, hemorrhage and hyalinization which could be easily misdiagnosed. their occurrence in oral cavity is extremely rare and intraosseous type occurring in maxilla is exceedi...

Since ancient times, "line" has been an extremely important and indispensable modeling element in traditional Chinese painting. Brush ink are also unique to painting, space is the expression of author's subjective imagination. Line, essential elements not only surface, but essence, embodiment charm